PSY200 Module 4

SUSCC Wiley

study of how we change and how we stay the same

developmental psychology

studies how you change from conception to death

lifespan development

lifespan development domains

physical development

cognitive development

psychosocial development

domain of lifespan development that examines growth and changes in the body, senses, motor skills, and health

physical development

domain of lifespan development that examines changes in learning, memory, language, thinking, and reasoning

cognitive development

domain of lifespan development that examines changes in emotions, personality, and social relationships

psychosocial development

nature (4 terms)

biology, genetics, innate, plato

nurture (4 terms)

environment, experiences, blank slate, aristotle

studied psychosocial theory of development using 8 tasks that compared one thing vs another thing

erikson

studied theory of cognitive development, determined children were little scientists, and proposed 4 stages of cognitive development

piaget

studied sociocultural theory of cognitive development and believed piaget left out the social factor of his “little scientist” assertion

vygotsky

studied theory of moral development and proposed 3 levels of moral reasoning

kohlberg

believed kohlberg was biased by sampling only men, and proposed that men and women have different perspectives on moral reasoning

gilligan

4 stages of piagets’s theory of cognitive development, in order

sensorimotor

preoperational

concrete operational

formal operational

3 levels of kohlberg’s theory of moral development, in order

preconventional

conventional

postconventional

according to gilligan, men have a ___ perspective of morals and women have a ___ perspective

justice, care

the two primary tasks erikson discovered and what stage of development they occur in

trust vs mistrust in infancy

identity vs role confusion in adolescence

stage of cognitive development that occurs between 0-2 yrs old, and includes object permanence and stranger anxiety

sensorimotor

stage of cognitive development that occurs between 2-7 yrs, and involves egocentrism and lack of conservation

preoperational

stage of cognitive development that occurs between 7-11, and involves concrete thinking and conservation

concrete operational

stage of cognitive development that occurs at age 11+, and involves hypothetical and abstract thinking

formal operational

at what age does object permanence occur

7 months

level of moral reasoning in which punishment, reinforcement, and what one enjoys determines ones morals

preconventional

level of moral reasoning in which social approval drives ones morals

conventional

level of moral reasoning in which one has a personal moral code in spite of what is socially acceptable

postconventional

3 stages of prenatal development

germinal

embryonic

fetal

stage of prenatal development that occurs in weeks 1-2, in which a zygote is formed, and ends with implantation

germinal

stage of prenatal development that occurs between 3-8 weeks and involves cell differentiation, heartbeat, and a placenta forming

embryonic

stage of prenatal development that occurs in weeks 9-40, in which the embryo continues to grow and become viable

fetal

growth pattern in pretnatal development where fetus grows from the head down to the feet

cephalocaudal

growth pattern in pretnatal development where fetus grows from the center of the body outward

proximodistal

things that harm a fetus, like smoking/drinking/drugs

teratogens

increases the risk of SIDS and FAS

teratogens

SIDS - meaning of abbreviation

sudden infant death syndrome

FAS - meaning of abbreviation

fetal alcohol syndrome

automatic responses of newborns like sucking and grasping

newborn reflexes

the four parenting styles

authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, uninvolved

parenting style that has democratic control and warmth

authoritative

parenting style that has high control without warmth

authoritarian

parenting style that has warmth without control

permissive

parenting style that has no control and no warmth

uninvolved

control of small movements/muscle groups

fine motor skills

control of large movements/muscle groups

gross motor skills

emotional bond

attachment

believed that attachment came from feeding

freud

believed that attachment came from comforting; experimented with monkeys

harlow

“strange situation technique”; experimented with secure/insecure attachment styles

ainsworth

rapid growth and s**ual maturity

puberty

s**ual characteristics related to reproducing

primary characteristics

s**ual characteristics not related to reproducing (voice deepening, body odor)

secondary characteristics

form of thinking that arises in adulthood that is not black/white thinking but grey

post-formal thinking

stage of adulthood where you get married, have kids, and start your career

early adulthood

stage of adulthood where you continue your career, your kids move away, and you begin caring for your parents

middle adulthood

stage of adulthood where you retire, have grandchildren, and become more dependent

late adulthood

healthcare that focuses on pain management and comfortable environment rather than curing (two names)

hospice, palliative

proposed the theory of 5 stages of grief

kubler-ross

5 stages of grief

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

legal document detailing desired medical interventions (two names)

living will, advance directive

a person you designate to make healthcare choices for you in case you cannot

healthcare proxy

form of euthanasia where a doctor directly causes death via physician assisted suicide

active euthanasia

form of euthanasia where a doctor allows a person to die if they refuse treatment

passive euthanasia

13 states where physician assisted suicide is legalized

WA, OR, CA, MO, CO, NM, HW, IL, ME, VM, NY, NJ, DE

physical development - 4 terms

growth, senses, motor skills, health

psychosocial development - 3 terms

emotions, personality, social relationships

cognitive development - 5 terms

learning, memory, language, thinking, reasoning

erikson - ____ development using _____ _____

psychosocial, 8 tasks

Piaget - ___ development, proposed ____ ____

cognitive, 4 stages

called children "little scientists"

Piaget

Vygotsky - ___ theory of cognitive development

sociocultural

who believed Piaget left out the social factor of his "little scientist" assertion

Vygotsky

sensorimotor - 3 terms

0-2 years, object permanence, stranger anxiety

preoperational - 3 terms

2-7 years, egocentrism, lack of conservation

concrete operational - 3 terms

7-11 years, concrete thinking, conservation

formal operational - 3 terms

11+ years, hypothetical, abstract

germinal stage - 3 terms

weeks 1-2, zygote, ends with implantation

embryonic stage - 4 terms

weeks 3-8, cell differentiation, heartbeat, placenta

fetal stage - 3 terms

weeks 9-40, growth, becomes viable

newborn reflexes - 5 terms

sucking, rooting, grasping, moro, stepping

wants/needs that direct a behavior toward a goal

motivation

types of motivation

intrinsic and extrinsic

motivation guided by internal desire

intrinsic motivation

motivation guided by external sources, like punishments/rewards

extrinsic motivation

4 theories of motivation

drive theory

self-efficacy

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

yerkes-dodson law

theory that motivation is driven by biological needs

drive theory

theory that high excitement (arousal) is optimal for easy tasks and low excitement is optimal for hard tasks

yerkes-dodson law

motivation from success or belief in oneself

self-efficacy

pyramid of needs that have the most important needs at the bottom, and least important at the top

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

maslow’s hierarchy of needs from most to least important (bottom to top)

physiological, security, social, esteem, self actualization

pattern of behavior that reduces drive

habit

short-term, subjective state of being

emotion

stimulus → physiological arousal → emotion

snake → shaking → scared

james-lange theory of emotion

stimulus → physiological arousal and emotion

snake → scared and shaking

cannon-bard theory of emotion

stimulus → physiological arousal and conscious cognitive appraisal → emotion

“im shaking and snakes are dangerous so im scared

schacter-singer theory of emotion

stimulus → unconscious appraisal → physiological response and emotion

“(snakes are dangerousous, so) im shaking and scared”

lazarus’ cognitive mediational theory