Flight Instruments

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15 Terms

1
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<p>Define “flight instruments”</p>

Define “flight instruments”

  • Devices that provide pilots with essential information about the aircraft’s position, attitude, and performance.

  • Helps enabling safe and efficient flight


2
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What are the 2 systems that operate an aircraft?

  • Pitot-static

  • Gyroscopic


<ul><li><p>Pitot-static</p></li><li><p>Gyroscopic</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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What are the 6 main flight instruments? Which systems do they operate on?

  • Airspeed indicator (ASI) - (PS)

  • Altimeter - (PS)

  • Vertical speed indicator (VSI) - (PS)

  • Attitude indicator - (G)

  • Turn coordinator - (G)

  • Heading indicator - (G)


<ul><li><p>Airspeed indicator (ASI) - (PS)</p></li><li><p>Altimeter - (PS)</p></li><li><p>Vertical speed indicator (VSI) - (PS)</p></li><li><p>Attitude indicator - (G)</p></li><li><p>Turn coordinator - (G)</p></li><li><p>Heading indicator - (G)</p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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Describe the “pitot-static system”

  • A pressure-based aircraft system

  • A system which operates based on a difference in air pressure using ram air pressure (trapped air pressure) and static (still air pressure).


<ul><li><p>A pressure-based aircraft system</p></li><li><p>A system which operates based on a difference in air pressure using ram air pressure (trapped air pressure) and static (still air pressure).</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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What are the 2 components of an airplane that are crucial to pitot-static system? What do they measure?

  • Pitot tube: measure airspeed

  • Static port: measure static air pressure (determine altitude and airspeed)


6
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<p>What is the function of the “airspeed indicator”?</p>

What is the function of the “airspeed indicator”?

  • “Airspeed gauge”

  • Measure the speed of the aircraft (in MPH, knots, or both) relative to the surrounding airmass.

  • Measure the pressure differential between static pressure from the static port and total pressure from the pitot tube

  • Critical for avoiding stall or the excessive speed


<ul><li><p>“Airspeed gauge”</p></li><li><p>Measure the speed of the aircraft (in MPH, knots, or both) relative to the surrounding airmass.</p></li><li><p>Measure the pressure differential between static pressure from the static port and total pressure from the pitot tube</p></li><li><p>Critical for avoiding stall or the excessive speed</p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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True or false: “VSI and altimeter uses both pitot and static system”

False!

(The only instrument that uses both pitot system and static system is “airspeed indicator”)

8
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<p>What is the function of the “altimeter”?</p>

What is the function of the “altimeter”?

  • “Pressure altimeter, “barometric altimeter”

  • Measure the aircraft’s altitude/height above a specific pressure level (e.g. sea level).

  • Unit of altitude = feet

  • Uses only static system

  • Helps maintain separation from terrain and other aircraft


<ul><li><p>“Pressure altimeter, “barometric altimeter”</p></li><li><p>Measure the aircraft’s altitude/height above a specific pressure level (e.g. sea level).</p></li><li><p>Unit of altitude = feet</p></li><li><p>Uses only static system</p></li><li><p>Helps maintain separation from terrain and other aircraft</p></li></ul><p></p>
9
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<p>What is the function of the “vertical speed indicator”?</p>

What is the function of the “vertical speed indicator”?

  • “rate of climb”, “vertical velocity indicator”

  • Determine how fast the aircraft is climbing or descending.

  • Uses only static system

  • Helps maintain the desired altitude or descent rate


<ul><li><p>“rate of climb”, “vertical velocity indicator”</p></li><li><p>Determine how fast the aircraft is climbing or descending.</p></li><li><p>Uses only static system</p></li><li><p>Helps maintain the desired altitude or descent rate</p></li></ul><p></p>
10
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<p>Describe the “gyroscopic system”</p>

Describe the “gyroscopic system”

  • A system which uses spinning gyroscopes to provide critical flight information, powering instruments.


<ul><li><p>A system which uses spinning gyroscopes to provide critical flight information, powering instruments.</p></li></ul><p></p>
11
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<p>What is the function of “attitude indicator”?</p>

What is the function of “attitude indicator”?

  • a.k.a “artificial horizon”

  • Shows the aircraft’s orientation/movement (roll/bank & pitch) relative to the horizon.


<ul><li><p>a.k.a “artificial horizon”</p></li><li><p>Shows the aircraft’s orientation/movement (roll/bank &amp; pitch) relative to the horizon.</p></li></ul><p></p>
12
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<p>What is the function of “heading indicator”?</p>

What is the function of “heading indicator”?

  • Indicates the aircraft’s direction in relation to magnetic north

  • Provide a stable reference for navigation

  • Unit = degree (magnetic)


<ul><li><p>Indicates the aircraft’s direction in relation to magnetic north</p></li><li><p>Provide a stable reference for navigation</p></li><li><p>Unit = degree (magnetic)</p></li></ul><p></p>
13
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<p>What is another instrument that can be used to indicate heading of an aircraft?</p>

What is another instrument that can be used to indicate heading of an aircraft?

A magnetic compass (but very difficult to read due to the motion of the plane)

<p>A magnetic compass (but very difficult to read due to the motion of the plane)</p>
14
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<p>What is the function of “turn coordinator”?</p>

What is the function of “turn coordinator”?

  • Displays the rate and direction of the aircraft’s turn.

  • Helps maintain coordinated turns and avoid slipping.

  • Displays proper angle and speed when turning an airplane.


<ul><li><p>Displays the rate and direction of the aircraft’s turn.</p></li><li><p>Helps maintain coordinated turns and avoid slipping.</p></li><li><p>Displays proper angle and speed when turning an airplane.</p></li></ul><p></p>
15
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True or false: “turn coordinator can tell information about pitch”

False!

(Turn coordinator can only tell roll/bank. But the information is inaccurate compared to attitude indicator)