Globalization and Its Challenges

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts related to globalization, social dynamics, and political events as discussed in the lecture.

Cold War

A historical period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States, lasting roughly from 1947 to 1991.

Global Integration

The process by which countries become more interconnected through trade, investment, technology, and cultural exchange.

Interdependence

A situation in which countries or people rely on one another economically, politically, or socially.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

An intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade.

9/11 terrorist attacks

A series of coordinated suicide attacks by the militant group Al Qaeda on September 11, 2001, resulting in significant loss of life and property.

Osama bin Laden

The founder of the militant organization Al Qaeda, known for orchestrating the September 11 attacks in the United States.

Great Recession

The global economic downturn that lasted from late 2007 through mid-2009, triggered by instability in the financial sector.

Financial Crisis of 2008

A major worldwide economic crisis that originated in the United States due to the collapse of the housing market.

Occupy Wall Street

A social and political movement that began in 2011 calling for economic equality and against the influence of corporations in politics.

Citizen United ruling

A landmark Supreme Court decision in 2010 that ruled that individual and corporate donations to political campaigns cannot be limited, equating them to free speech.

COVID-19 Pandemic

A global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, resulting in widespread health, social, and economic challenges.

Climate Change

Long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, largely driven by human activities like burning fossil fuels.

Global warming

An increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to rising levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Paris Agreement

An international treaty adopted in 2015 aimed at limiting global warming to below 2 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels.

Surveillance Capitalism

An economic system centered around the commodification of personal data by large tech companies.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming, including carbon dioxide and methane.

Social Media Platforms

Digital platforms specifically designed for users to create, share, or exchange information, ideas, and content, such as Facebook and Twitter.

Terrorism

The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in pursuit of political aims.

Islamic Fundamentalism

A movement characterized by a strict interpretation of Islam that seeks to establish a society governed by Islamic law.

Pandemic Response

Measures taken by governments and health organizations to control and mitigate the spread of infectious diseases on a global scale.

Economic Inequality

Disparities in wealth, income, and access to resources among different groups in society.

Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation, often in opposition to foreign influence.