Renal Regulation and Acid-Base Balance

Flashcards covering key concepts related to renal regulation of ions and acid-base balance.

Renal Ion Regulation

The process of maintaining correct plasma levels of ions, including Na+, K+, Ca2+, and HCO3-, to ensure proper physiological function.

Osmolytes

Particles in body fluids that determine the distribution of water between compartments, primarily including Na+ and Cl-.

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA)

A specialized structure in the kidney that regulates blood pressure and the filtration rate of the glomerulus.

Aldosterone

A hormone that regulates sodium and potassium levels and impacts plasma volume in the body by stimulating sodium reabsorption.

Hyperkalemia

Elevated levels of potassium in the blood, which can lead to membrane depolarization of excitable cells and serious health issues.

Hypokalemia

Low levels of potassium in the blood, which can result in hyperpolarization of excitable cells leading to muscle weakness and arrhythmias.

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

A hormone produced by the parathyroid glands that regulates calcium levels in the blood by affecting the gut, bone, and kidney.

Carbonic Anhydrase

An enzyme that catalyzes the reversible reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid, affecting acid-base balance.

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

An equation used to calculate the pH of a buffered solution based on the concentration of bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.

Acid-Base Imbalances

Disturbances in the normal pH of the blood due to respiratory or metabolic causes, leading to conditions like acidosis or alkalosis.