Periodic Table and Element Properties

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the organization and properties of elements in the periodic table.

Periodic Table

An arrangement of elements in periods and groups according to increasing atomic number.

Periods

Horizontal rows in the periodic table that indicate increasing atomic number.

Groups

Vertical columns in the periodic table with elements that have similar chemical properties.

Metallic character

The tendency of an element to lose electrons and form positive ions, which decreases across a period.

Non-metallic character

The tendency of an element to gain electrons, which increases across a period.

Group number and ion charge relationship

Elements in the same group have the same outer shell electron configuration and form ions with predictable charges.

Outer shell electrons

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that determine its chemical properties.

Chemical properties

Properties determined by the number of electrons in the outer shell, leading to similarities among elements in the same group.

Trends in groups

Identifiable patterns in properties such as melting points, density, and reactivity based on position in the periodic table.

Reactivity of Group 1 elements

Increases down the group due to increased atomic radius and electron shielding.