A&P 1: Chapter 11 - The Human Muscular System

Indirect Attachments

formed by tendons (extension of the fascia which surrounds a mucle) which bridge the gap between muscles ends and bony attachment

Aponeurosis

Tendon is a broad, flat sheet

Retinaculum

connective tissue band that separates tendons from underlying muscles

Direct fleshy muscle attachments

little separation between muscle and bone (muscles seems to immerge directly from bone)

Origin

the bony attachment at stationary end of muscle

Insertion

the bony attachment to mobile end of muscle

Muscle fascicles

help determine the range of motion and the force by which a muscle can contract

circular

constrict & dilate (e.g. orbicularis oris)

parallel

shorten and elongate (e.g. rectus abdominis)

convergent

spread out like a fan on one end and converge on a single point on the other (pectoralis major)

Unipennate

e.g. extensor digitorum

Bipennate

e.g. rectus femoris

Multipennate

e.g. deltiod

Primer mover (agonist)

muscle that generates most of the force or action

Synergist

muscle that aids the prime mover

Antagonist

muscle that opposes the prime mover