Digestive System

an/o

anus

append/o

appendix

appendic/o

appendix

bar/o

weight

bucc/o

cheek

carcin/o

cancer

cec/o

cecum

chol/e

bile

cholangi/o

bile duct

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

choledoch/o

common bile duct

cirrh/o

yellow

col/o

colon

colon/o

colon

cutane/o

skin

cyst/o

bladder, sac

dent/o

tooth

diverticul/o

pouch

duoden/o

duodenum

enter/o

small intestine

esophag/o

esophagus

gastr/o

stomach

gingiv/o

gums

gloss/o

tongue

hem/o

blood

hemat/o

blood

hepat/o

liver

ile/o

ilium

inguin/o

groin

jejun/o

jejunum

labi/o

lip

lapar/o

abdomen

lingu/o

tongue

lith/o

stone

mandibul/o

mandible

nas/o

nose

odont/o

tooth

or/o

mouth

orth/o

straight

palat/o

palate

pancreat/o

pancreas

pharyng/o

pharynx

polyp/o

polyp

proct/o

anus and rectum

pylor/o

pylorus

pyr/o

fire

rect/o

rectum

sialaden/o

salivary gland

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

ven/o

vein

-centesis

process of removing fluid

-emesis

vomiting

-emetic

pertaining to vomiting

-iatric

pertaining to medical treatment

-istry

specialty

-lithiasis

condition of stones

-orexia

appetite

-pepsia

digestion

-phagia

eat, swallow

-prandial

pertaining to a meal

-ptosis

drooping

-tripsy

surgical crushing

anorexia

general term meaning loss of appetite; also used to refer to anorexia nervosa which is excessive weight loss from excessive dieting

aphagia

being unable to swallow or eat

ascites

collection or accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity

bradypepsia

having a slow digestive system

cachexia

loss of weight and generalized wasting that occurs during a chronic disease

cholecystalgia

having gallbladder pain

constipation

experiencing difficulty in defecation or infrequent defecation

diarrhea

passing of infrequent, watery, or bloody bowel movements; usually accompanies GI disorders

dyspepsia

painful digestion (indigestion or an upset stomach)

hematochezia

passing bright red blood in stool

hyperemesis

excessive vomiting

melenanausea

pyrosis

abnormal condition of pain and burning sensation usually caused by stomach acid splashing up into the esophagus; commonly called heartburn

aphthous ulcers

painful ulcers in the mouth of unknown causes; commonly called canker sores

cleft lip

congenital anomaly in which upper lip and jawbone fail to fuse in the midline, leaving an open gap; corrected with surgery

dental caries

gradual decay and disintegration of teeth caused by bacteria; may lead to abscessed teeth; commonly called a tooth cavity

herpes labialis

infection of the lip by herpes simplex virus type 1; also called fever blisters or cold sores

esophageal varices

enlarged and swollen varicose veins in lower end of the esophagus; if these rupture, serious hemorrhage results; often related to liver disease

GERD

acid from stomach flows backward up into the esophagus, causing inflammation and pain

pharyngoplegia

paralysis of the pharyngeal (throat) muscles

hiatal hernia

protrusion of stomach through the diaphragm and extending into the thoracic cavity; gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common symptom; also called diaphragmatocele

peptic ulcer disease

ulcer occurring in lower portion of esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum; thought to be caused by gastric juices

anal fistula

abnormal tubelike passage from body surface around anal opening directly into the rectum

bowel incontinence

inability to control defecation

Crohn’s disease

form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting primarily ileum and/or colon

diverticulitis

inflammation of the diverticulum (outpouching off the gut), especially in the colon; inflammation often results when food gets stuck in the pouch

dysentery

disease characterized by diarrhea, often with mucus and blood, severe abdominal pain, fever, and dehydration. caused by ingesting food or water contaminated by chemicals, bacteria, or parasites

ileus

severe abdominal pain, inability to pass stools, vomiting, and abdominal distension as a result of intestinal blockage

intussusception

result of the intestine slipping or telescoping inward into another section of intestine just below it; more common in children

IBS (irritable bowel syndrome)

disturbance in functions of the intestine from unknown causes; also called spastic colon or functional bowel disorder

polyposis

presence of small tumors, called polyps, containing pedicle or stemlike attachment in mucous membranes of the large intestine

proctoptosis

prolapsed or drooping of rectum and anus; often protrudes through anal opening

ulcerative colitis

chronic inflammatory condition resulting in numerous ulcers formed on mucous membrane lining of the colon; also known as inflammatory bowel disease

volvulus

condition in which the bowel twists upon itself, causing an obstruction, painful and requires immediate surgery

cholelithiasis

presence of gallstones composed of hardened bile

cirrhosis

chronic disease of the liver associated with failure of liver to function properly

hepatitis

inflammation of the liver; usually due to viral infection

fecal occult blood test

test on feces to determine of microscopic amounts of blood are present