Measures: Single Unit Recording, EEG, ERP

spacial resolution

the depth of precision in terms of anatomical structure that a technique is capable of; what is the smallest amount of space that can be observed by this technique

spacial resolution range

from the brain to synapses, but the farthest any technique will go is neurons

temporal resolution

the speed or amount of time in which the technique captures changes in brain activity

temporal reolsution range

1ms to 1yr

single unit recording

it requires sticking an electrode next to a neuron striking it; single unit only records, it does not provide stimulation

electrode

it measures changes in electrical potential (voltage)

turning curve

creates a visual graph that represents a stimulus response to a single neuron; data for single unit recording

Limitations and advantages for single unit recording

Advantages: high spacial and temporal resolutions
Limitations: its hard to associate a single neuron with a single activity and its not accurate because there could be more neurons involved

EEG

electroencephalogram- measures scalp electrical potentials (ongoing data)

EEG function

it measures synaptic potentials and they are created by simultaneous activity of a large group of neurons in the cortex; it measures voltage/amplitude and time. The spikier the wave is, the more conscious the person is (awareness)

EEG measures

voltages range from -100 to +100 mv; amplitudes range from 10 to 30 (over 30 is most likely muscle movement); and frequency ranges from 2 Hz to 70 Hz

ERP

event related potentials- EEG records and divides the data based on presentation or behavior. ERP's specifically are fluctuations that correspond in time to sensory or cognitive events

ERP measures

polarity (positive and negative) and latency (time)

Limitations and advantages of EEG/ERP

Advantages: good temporal resolution, non-invasive, and relatively inexpensive, fast, and easy recording procedures
Limitations: not so great spacial resolution and activity may be associated with but not essential to the task

True/False; an electrode can only be used experimentally in animals

true

What did Rozzolati and Colleagues discover about monkeys peeling peanuts?

they did a study on mirror neurons and found that if the researchers peeled a peanut in front of the monkey, they could replicate. But if the monkey was told to do it on its own, it couldn't. This is how we found mimicking and understanding someone's intentions like throwing something

Do EEG’s measure gyri or sulci

gyri

6 frequency bands in an EEG

1. Delta (<4 Hz)- sleep
2. Theta (4-8 Hz)- drowsiness
3. Alpha (8-12 Hz)- awake/consciousness, but not actively engaged
4. Beta (12-20 Hz)- engaging in a task
5. Gamma (30-70 Hz)- base perception, and base sensory/attention
6. High Gamma (70-150 Hz)- meditation