Skin test 1

Epidermis

Develops from the ectodermal germ layer and is fully formed by 16 weeks�� gestation.

Dermis

Develops from the mesodermal germ layer by 11 weeks’ gestation.

Fetal skin

At 8 weeks’ gestation, it consists of simple cuboidal epithelium.

Nail formation

Begins at 10 weeks’ gestation and reaches fingertips near term.

Gland development

Oil and sweat glands form during the 4th and 5th months of gestation.

Lanugo

Fetal hair that forms by the 6th month of gestation.

Vernix caseosa

A slippery coating of oil and sloughed off skin present at birth.

Athlete’s foot

A fungal infection causing skin irritation.

Boils and carbuncles

Skin infections caused by bacteria.

Cold sores

Caused by a viral infection.

Contact dermatitis

Skin reaction due to exposure to chemicals or substances.

Impetigo

A bacterial skin infection caused by staphylococcus.

Psoriasis

A skin condition with an unknown cause, triggered by trauma, infection, or stress.

Jaundice

Yellowish skin and eyes due to bilirubin buildup from liver disease.

Cyanosis

Bluish color of skin and nail beds due to oxygen-depleted hemoglobin.

Erythema

Redness of skin from enlarged capillaries during inflammation or infection.

Burns

Tissue damage caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals.

Rule of Nines

A method to estimate fluid loss and extent of burns by dividing the body into 11 areas.

First-degree burns

Affect only the epidermis, causing redness and swelling.

Second-degree burns

Damage epidermis and upper dermis, causing redness and blisters.

Third-degree burns

Destroy the entire skin layer, resulting in numbness and gray-white or black appearance.

Critical burns

Defined by specific percentages of body area affected by second or third-degree burns.

Skin grafts

A procedure to cover wounds with healthy skin; types include autograft, isograft, and autologous skin.

Age-related changes

Decrease in collagen and elastic fibers, leading to thinner, drier skin.

Photo damage

Caused by UV light, leading to sunburn and potential skin cancer.

Skin cancer

Abnormal cell mass classified as benign (non-spreading) or malignant (spreading).

Basal cell carcinoma

The least malignant and most common skin cancer, arising from the stratum basale.

Squamous cell carcinoma

May metastasize and arises from the stratum spinosum; early removal is crucial.

Malignant melanoma

The most deadly skin cancer, arising from melanocytes and characterized by rapid metastasis.

ABCD rule

A method for detecting melanoma by assessing asymmetry, border, color, and diameter changes.