From Elements to Compounds (part 1 - 2nd video)

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Module 5 part 1 - 2nd video

36 Terms

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VSEPR Theory

A model used to predict the shapes of compunds

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Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory

What does “VSEPR” stand for?

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They tell us which atoms are physically connected to which

Lewis structures give atomic connectivity: they tell us?

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bond angles

The shape of a molecule is determined by its _______

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109.5o

What are the bond angles of Cl-C-Cl in CCl4 ?

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covalent

Is Cl-C bond covalent or ionic?

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repel

In order to predict molecular shape, we assume the valence electrons _______ each other.

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<p>Linear</p><p></p>

Linear


VSEPR Model shape

  • AB2


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<p>Bent</p>

Bent

VSEPR Model shape

  • AB2U2 or AB2U

*(U is lone pair)

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<p>Trigonal planar </p>

Trigonal planar

VSEPR Model shape

  • AB3


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<p>Trigonal pyramidal </p>

Trigonal pyramidal

VSEPR Model shape

  • AB3U


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<p>T-shaped </p>

T-shaped

VSEPR Model shape

  • AB3U2


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<p>Square planar </p>

Square planar

VSEPR Model shape

  • AB4U2


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<p>Trigonal bipyramidal </p>

Trigonal bipyramidal

VSEPR Model shape

  • AB5


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<p>Octahedral </p>

Octahedral

VSEPR Model shape

  • AB6


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<p>AB<sub>2</sub>U<sub>2 </sub>- Bent </p>

AB2U2 - Bent

Molecular shape of H2O?

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<p>AB<sub>3</sub>U<sub>2</sub> - T-shape </p>

AB3U2 - T-shape

Molecular shape of ClF3?

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<p>AB<sub>2</sub> - Linear </p>

AB2 - Linear

Molecular shape of CO2?

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<p>AB<sub>3</sub>U - Trigonal Pyramidal </p>

AB3U - Trigonal Pyramidal

Molecular shape of NH3?

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<p>AB<sub>5</sub> - Trigonal Bipyramidal</p>

AB5 - Trigonal Bipyramidal

Molecular shape of PF5?

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Rows/Period 3 below

What rows can follow the expanded octet rule or sum

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109.5o

H - C - H bond angle?

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107o

H - N - H bond angle?

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104.5o

H - O - H bond angle?

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decreases

By experiment, the H-X-H bond angle (increases/decreases?) on moving from C to N to O.

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Polarity

_______ means having dipoles, a positive and negative end

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Polar molecules

What type of molecules have dipoles?

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False, their dipole moments do not add up to zero/ do not cancel out.

T or F
Polar molecules have dipole moments that add up to zero.

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Water (H2O) and carbon monoxide (CO)

Examples of polar molecules?

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Non-polar

Are Methane (CH4) and Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) polar or non-polar?

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Ionic Bond

If difference of electronegativity > 2.0, then it is?

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Nonpolar Covalent Bond

If difference of electronegativity < 0.4, then it is?

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Polar Covalent Bond

If difference of electronegativity 0.5 - 1.7, then it is?

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Nonpolar molecules

_______ molecules do not have positive or negative ends.

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a) structure or shape

b) polarity of the individual bonds present in the molecule

We can tell if a molecule is polar or nonpolar based on: (2)

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HF, NaBr, NaCl

What molecules are exceptions?