AP Psych Unit 1 Part 2 - Sensory Parts

Cornea

Clear protective layer that covers pupil and iris where light enters through

What part of the eye is this?

Cornea

The cornea covers what two parts of the eye?

Pupil and iris

Pupil

Center of the eye that is an opening that is adjusted based on light intensity

The opening of the pupil is controlled by the…

IRIS

Iris

Ring of muscle that is formed from different colors to control opening of pupil

What part of the eye is this?

Iris

Lens

Transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape and help focus images on the retina

What part of the eye is this?

Lens

Retina

Light sensitive back inner surface of the eye that contains vision receptors that process visual information

Accommodation

The eye’s lens change in shape to focus on images near or far objects on the retina

Accommodation occurs in what eye part?

Lens

Farsightedness

Seeing distant objects better than near objects

Nearsightedness

Seeing near objects better than distant objects

Photoreceptors

Retinal receptors that catch light waves and convert it into neural impulses

What are the two types of photoreceptors called?

Rods and Cones

Rods

Retinal photoreceptors that detect dull colors, works together in clusters, works during nighttime

Cones

Retinal photoreceptors that are concentrated near the center of retina at the fovea point and detect fine detail and colors. Works during the daytime and functions independently

Bipolar cells

Retinal neurons that transmit neural impulses from photoreceptors to ganglion cells

Ganglion cells

Retinal neurons that gather neural vision impulses and transmit it to the brain

Optic nerve

Bundles of ganglion cells that transmit neural impulses from eye to brain

What part of the eye is this?

Optic nerve

List the vision sensory pathway:

Photoreceptors, Bipolar cells, Ganglion cells, Optic nerve, Thalamus, Visual cortex

Blindspot

Spot where the optic nerve leaves the eye, where no receptors are located

Cones are most commonly found in the…

Fovea

TRUE OR FALSE: We have three different types of cones that help us perceive colors

TRUE

What are the three types of cones (What colors do they perceive?)

Red, Blue, Green

TRUE OR FALSE: We perceive colors when light stimulates different rods at once forming other colors

TRUE

Feature detectors

Nerve cells in the brains visual cortex that responds to specific features of stimulus

What type of nerve cells receive info from individual ganglion cells then pass them onto other cortical areas where they respond to specific parts?

Feature detectors

What the name of the point where part of each optic nerve crosses to the other side of the brain?

Optic chiasm

What is this part of the eye?

Optic nerve

What part of the eye is this?

Optic chiasm

LIST the visual field for light to be processed DETAILED

Light travels through cornea, in the cornea is the pupil and iris, the iris contracts the muscles of the pupil to open letting light inside, as light goes inside the opening inside the pupil the lens accommodate, light reaches the back of the eye where transduction occurs with the cones and rods, the neural msgs get sent through the optic nerve into the optic chiasm, to the thalamus for perceived vision, then to the visual cortex in occipital lobe

LIST the visual field for light to be processed NONDETAILED

Light, Cornea, Iris, Pupil, Lens, Retina, Photoreceptors, Ganglion cells, Optic nerve, Optic chaism, Thalamus, Occipital lobe, Visual cortex

TRUE OR FALSE: There are more cones than rods

FALSE, MORE RODS

Fusiform face area

Face recognition area

What part of the brain is linked with feature detectors?

Visual cortex, auditory cortex

Feature detectors area located inside the visual cortex in occipital lobe is also called…

Supercell clusters

Opponent-process theory

The 3 pair of color receptors of cones work with the opposite color (Yellow-blue, Red-green), explains color of afterimages

AUDITION is what sense?

Hearing

The outer ear consists of… (2)

Pinna, eardrum

Middle ear consists of…

Ossicle bones: Malleus, Incus, Stapes

FUNCTION: Mid ear ossicles bones

Relay and amplify incoming sound waves to the oval window

Oval window

Receives sound msgs from mid ear ossicle bones and sends them to cochlea for processing

Cochlea

Snail-shaped part that vibrates when detecting sound making the fluid trigger nerve impulses

Where does transduction occur in audition?

Basilar membrane, where auditory hair cells interact with stimuli

The basilar membrane consists of… (2)

Auditory hair like cells, organ of corti

After the transduction of sound waves in audition where do the neural msgs go to be processed and perceived in the brain?

Auditory nerve

The auditory nerve takes the neural messages processed by the basilar membrane where in the brain to be processed?

Auditory cortex, temporal lobe

TRUE OR FALSE: Visual interpretation travels faster than audition interpretation

FALSE, audition travels faster

LIST the auditory field for sound waves to be processed DETAILED

Sound waves go into the outer ear (pinna) into the ear vibrating the eardrum, the sound waves then go through the mid ear ossicles that relay & amplify the sound waves to the oval window, the oval window then sends the sound waves into the cochlea where it vibrates causing a disturbance of the fluid inside the cochlea, transduction then occurs in the basilar membrane where auditory hair like cells interact to the stimuli of sound, goes to the organ of corti, where the processed neural msgs are sent to the thalamus for further processing then the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe by the auditory nerve

LIST the auditory field for sound waves to be processed LESS DETAILED

Sound waves, Pinna, Eardrum, Mid ear ossicles, oval window, cochlea, Basilar membrane, Auditory hair like cells, organ of corti, auditory nerve, thalamus, auditory cortex inside temporal lobe