Weber MWC A test 1 (Islam and African Nations)

Shiite group that took over after the Umayaads, because of the lack of rights that they gave to the non-Arab converts to Islam. They moved the capital to the city of Baghdad

Abbasid

This is a Persian Islamic group that existed between the Mughals and the Ottomans. They were smart to align with European nations to threaten the Ottoman Empire. Eventually they became present day Iran

Safavid

The leader of this group was a godlike king who employed Islamic advisers, but did not convert to Islam. This group was important because they were taken over by a larger group known as the Mali

Ghana

One of the most important groups in Islam they started in present day Turkey and were able to take over Constantinople. They lasted all the way until 1918 after WWI

Ottoman

List the 5 Pillars of Islam:

- Declaration of faith

- Pray 5x daily facing Mecca

- Give charity to the poor

- Fast during holy month of Ramadan

- Make a hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca

Under the Abbasid dynasty this city became the capital, which is now in present day Iraq

Baghdad

Unlike the Christian cultures during the eighth and ninth centuries, Islamic culture allowed for people to work out of the class they were in, this is called

social mobility

A Muslim ruler in Turkey, especially ones from the Ottoman empire were referred to as:

sultan

Describe the Sunnis:

- makes up the majority of Muslims today

- formed after arguing with the Shiites

- thought successors to Muhammad could be anyone

The most important document to the people of Islam

Quran

List some important things Mansa Musa did during his reign:

- expanded borders westward towards the Atlantic Ocean

- Converted to Islam

- Made a hajj to Mecca

- Made connections with other Muslim rulers for better trade

- brought scholars back to Mali

- established an Islamic university in the capital of Timbuktu

One of the first major empires in Islam. This group's influence reached all the way into Spain, where it remained until the late 1400s

Umayaad

List some of the major outside influences on North Africa during its early development:

- Phonecians

- Romans

- Islam

Describe Mansa Musa:

- greatest ruler of the Mali

- Muslim who made a pilgrimage to Mecca and forged great trade routes

- set up Islamic University in Timbuktu

When someone produces more of something that what is needed for their own survival, it is known as a:

surplus

This city became the capital of Islam in Northern India for nearly 300 years under the Mughal Empire

Delhi

Local Hindu rulers, who the Islamic sultans would allow to rule over different areas of India, were called

rajahs

Islamic group similar to Christian monks and nuns who sought communion with God through mediation, fasting and other rituals

sufis

After Muhammad's death, Abu Bakr, became the first ______, successor to Muhammad

caliph

Word means body of law that includes interpretations of the Quran, examples of behavior from Muhammad's life, and Muslim traditions.

Sharia

Which dynasty died out in part because it didn't give rights to the non-Arab converts?

Umayyad

These leaders are followed by those in the Shiite sect of Islam. They can speak about the Quran with infallibility. They are also direct descendants of Muhammad.

Imam

This leader was one of the greatest in the Ottoman Empire, because he helped improve their culture and expanded their borders into Europe:

Suleiman the Magnificent

Leader in Mughal India that was known for speaking with advisers from all different religions. He also famously had the Taj Mahal built after the death of his wife.

Shah Jahan

Slave soldiers found in the Ottoman Empire, these non-Muslims would be converted a young age, and given military training. Eventually, these soldiers could later hold important government positions

Janizaries

African society, which translated into English means, "where the king dwells". The most famous leader was Mansa Musa, who converted to Islam and brought scholars to set up a great University in his kingdom

Mali

Located in the most holy city of Muslims, Mecca, this large black altar is visited by millions each year and is supposed to be the site of the first altar built by the the father of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, Abraham.

Kaaba

This group took over India after the Gupta empire. Famously they changed the land to be more Islamic, but they also built one of the great wonders of the world, the Taj Mahal

Mughals

These Muslims, after the death of Muhammad, followed Ali, Muhammad's son-in-law, and Fatima, Muhammad's daughter. They believe that only descendants of the prophet Muhammad, Imams, can interpret the Quran and actions of Muhammad.

Shiites

The majority of Muslims today were formed after much arguing within the Shiite group. They believe that successors to Muhammad do not have any divinity or prophetic functions

Sunnis

The capital of the Umayaad Empire, this capital is still important to the people of Syria today

Damascus

The belief of the people of Hinduism that after you die you will come back as another person, animal, or plant, depending on how you lived your life

Reincarnation

In West Africa, what was the primary two items that were traded for:

Gold for Salt

The leaders of the Persian empire, the Safavids, were called__________. The most famous was Abbas who brought them into the Golden Age

Shah

The most holy prophet in the Islamic religion, he had a holy experience with the Angel Gabriel, who told him to start this new religion

Muhammad

This man was the greatest ruler of the Mali. As a Muslim man, he made his pilgrimage to Mecca and forged many great trading routes. He also set up an Islamic University in Timbuktu. Might be the richest man that has ever lived.

Mansa Musa

The first leader after the death of Muhammad, his rule expanded the religion further by connecting the many Arabic people that lived in the Middle East; he was the first caliph

Abu Bakr

The Common Language spoken by the people of West Africa , this culture migraed throughout Africa:

Bantu