12 Lead Part 2 STEMI
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These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the 12 Lead Part 2 STEMI / OMI Framework lecture, focusing on ECG interpretation, cardiac pathologies, and recognition criteria.
132 Terms
Vectors
The average direction and strength of ventricular depolarization.
Axis Deviation
The direction in which the main vector of depolarization points in the frontal plane.
R-Wave Progression
The change in height of the R wave across the precordial leads from V1 to V6.
Ventricular Hypertrophy
Structural thickening of the ventricular myocardium due to chronic pressure or volume overload.
Bundle Branch Block
A blockage of the electrical conduction pathways in the ventricles.
Fascicular Block
A block in one of the divisions of the bundle branches.
Ischemic Mimics
Conditions that can present similarly to ischemia on an ECG.
Diagnostic Pitfalls
Common errors or misunderstandings that may lead to incorrect diagnoses.
ST Elevation
A change in the ECG that indicates that the heart is not receiving enough blood.
J-Point
The point on the ECG where the QRS complex transitions into the ST segment.
Inferior STEMI
Myocardial infarction affecting the inferior wall of the heart.
Anterior STEMI
Myocardial infarction affecting the anterior wall of the heart.
LBBB
Left Bundle Branch Block; a blockage affecting the left side of the heart's conduction system.
Reciprocal Changes
ECG changes that are mirrored in the leads opposite to the leads showing indicative changes.
Hyperkalemia
An elevated level of potassium in the blood, which can affect heart rhythm.
Brugada Syndrome
A genetic condition that can lead to dangerous arrhythmias.
WPW Syndrome
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome; a condition where an additional electrical pathway in the heart can lead to rapid heart rates.
PE
Pulmonary Embolism; a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs.
LVH
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy; thickening of the heart's left ventricle.
Ventricular Paced Rhythms
ECG rhythms resulting from an artificial pacemaker.
Electrical Axis
The net direction of electrical activity during ventricular depolarization.
Hexaxial Reference System
A method to determine the electrical axis of the heart using the six frontal limb leads.
Left Axis Deviation (LAD)
A change in the direction of the heart's electrical axis towards the left.
Right Axis Deviation (RAD)
A change in the direction of the heart's electrical axis towards the right.
Extreme Axis Deviation
An axis deviation that occurs between -90° and -180° or 90° and 180°.
Classic STEMI Criteria
Defined by specific ST elevation patterns in contiguous leads on an ECG.
De Winter Pattern
Up-sloping ST depression at the J-point in V1-V6 with tall, symmetric T waves, indicating LAD occlusion.
Wellens' Syndrome
A warning pattern indicating critical proximal LAD stenosis.
Pneumonic for STEMI Locations
A memory aid to remember the anatomical regions affected by ST elevation.
Height Measurement for LVH
The criteria used to assess the voltage changes that indicate left ventricular hypertrophy.
Sokolow-Lyon Criteria
A measure used to screen for left ventricular hypertrophy by combining R and S wave measurements.
Poor R-Wave Progression
Decreased size of R waves from V1 to V6; often signifies anterior MI or LVH.
Causes of Poor R-Wave Progression
Includes conditions such as left bundle branch block, anterior MI, tension (LVH), and emphysema.
Common Questions - Cardiac Axis
Questions typically asked regarding interpretation and implications of axis deviations.
Acute Coronary Syndrome
A range of conditions associated with sudden reduced blood flow to the heart.
Dysrhythmia
An irregularity in the rhythm of the heartbeat.
Electrolyte Imbalance
An abnormal level of electrolytes in the body, which can affect heart function.
ST Segment Morphologies
The various shapes of the ST segment that can indicate different cardiac conditions.
ECG Lead Placement
The correct positioning of leads on the body to accurately record the electrical activity of the heart.
T Wave
The part of the ECG that represents ventricular repolarization.
Troponin
A protein released during heart muscle damage; often checked to diagnose myocardial infarction.
Strain Pattern
Changes on the ECG that indicate stress on the heart muscle usually seen in VT or RVH.
Rise in myocardial oxygen demand
The need for increased oxygen by the heart muscle during stress or activity.
Electrophysiological Changes
Alterations in the electrical activity of heart tissue caused by various conditions.
ECG Interpretation
The process of analyzing an electrocardiogram to assess heart function.
Reciprocal ST Depression
ST segment depression observed in leads opposite to those showing ST elevation.
Cardiac Myocyte
A muscle cell of the heart, responsible for its contraction.
Echocardiogram
An ultrasound of the heart used to visualize heart structures and function.
Cardiac Compliance
The ability of the heart to expand and fill with blood.
Atrial Fibrillation
An irregular, often rapid heart rate that can increase the risk of strokes.
Septal Infarction
An infarction that affects the septum (the wall between ventricles) of the heart.
ST Segment Depression
A downward deviation of the ST segment from the baseline, often indicating ischemia.
Critical Lesion
A blockage in a coronary artery that significantly impairs blood flow to the heart.
Pulmonary Hypertension
Increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, which can lead to RVH.
Cor Pulmonale
Right heart failure due to lung disease.
Heart Failure
A condition in which the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow.
Diagnosis
The identification of the nature of an illness or condition.
Cardiac Monitoring
Continuous observation of heart activity using electrocardiography.
Rescue Intervention
Emergency procedures performed to restore normal heart function.
Electrocardiographic Changes
Alterations in the ECG patterns that can indicate various cardiac conditions.
Lateral Wall Infarction
Infarction affecting the lateral wall of the heart, typically seen in V5 and V6.
Inferior Wall Ischemia
Reduced blood flow to the inferior wall of the heart, typically indicated by changes in leads II, III, and aVF.
Coronary Artery Disease
A disease characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries.
Myocardial Infarction
A condition caused by the blockage of blood flow to the heart, leading to tissue death.
Chronic Lung Disease
Long-standing respiratory conditions that impair lung function.
Electrical Remodeling
Changes in the heart's electrical activity due to chronic conditions or injury.
Technical Causes
Errors in ECG interpretation that arise from improper lead placement or calibration.
R Wave Measurement
The process of measuring the height of the R wave to assess cardiac issues.
Ventricular Arrhythmia
Abnormal heart rhythms that originate from the ventricles.
ECG Lead I
The lead placed between the right arm and left arm, indicating electrical activity in the heart.
Lead aVF
The lead placed on the left leg that reflects inferior heart activity.
Risk Factors for Ischemia
Conditions or behaviors that increase the likelihood of reduced blood flow to the heart.
Cardiac Output
The amount of blood the heart pumps in one minute.
Mechanical Shifts
Shifts in heart position due to physiological changes such as breathing.
Bundle Branch Blocks Symptoms
Conditions such as syncope, palpitations, or heart failure can arise from bundle branch blocks.
Simplified Axis Deviation Guide
A quick reference system to determine axis deviation using thumbs for leads I and aVF.
Left Anterior Fascicular Block
A block affecting the left anterior fasciculus of the heart's conduction system.
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
A congenital heart defect characterized by a hole in the wall between the heart's upper chambers.
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
A congenital heart defect characterized by a hole in the wall between the heart's lower chambers.
Future Directions
Topics to be covered in subsequent parts of the lecture series.
Piezoelectric Effect
The electrical charge that accumulates in certain solid materials in response to applied mechanical stress.
Lateral Lead Changes
Changes observed in leads that represent the lateral wall of the heart.