Cosi 325 Exam 2

phonation

sound produced due to vibration of vocal folds

subglottal pressure

air from lungs at high velocity through a constricted space (VF)

pressure ____ and VF ____ at the start of vibration

drops & close

bernoulli effect

a fluid (air) moving at high velocity results in low pressure

laryngeal fuctions

airway protection, breathing control, chest-wall stabilization, & sound generation

parts of the larynx

hyoid bone, epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, tracheal cartilage, laryngeal prominence, cricoid cartilage

anterior arch of cricoid cartilage

is shorter that posterior portion

cricoid cartilage

most inferior point of larynx

cricoid cartilage borders

1st tracheal ring

corniculate

on top of arytenoids

cuneiform

in aryepiiglottic folds

triticeal

in thyrohyoid membrane

hylanie cartilages

thyroid, arytenoid, cricoid, tracheal rings, triticeal cartilage

does everyone have triticeal cartilages

no

are tracheal rings a part of the larynx

no

elastic cartilage

epiglottic cartilage, apex (w/ corniculate cartilage), vocal procces, & cuneiform cartilages

membranes

connective & epithelial tissue

ligaments

fibrous connective tissue

intrinsic

connect to 2 points inside larynx

extrinsic

connect from 1 point in larynx to trachea, hyoid bone, or epiglottis

intrinsic ligaments

cricothyroid ligament (median & laterat) & vocal ligament

conus elasticus/cricovocal membrane

cricothyroid ligament to vocal ligament

quadrangular membrane

aryepiglottic folds to vestibular ligaments

vestibular ventricular ligaments

false vocal folds

laryngeal vestibule

entrance into larynx

laryngeal ventricle

space between false & true VF

extrinsic ligamnest

thyrohyoid membrane (lateral & median thyrohyoid ligaments) & cricotracheal ligament

thyroepiglottic ligament

base of ligament

pyriform sinus location

above esophagus

anterior commissure

where the vocal folds come together

how many pyriform sinus’ are there

2

intrinsic laryngeal muscles

cricothyroids, cricoarytenoids, thyroaryntenoids, interarytenoids

lateral cricoarytenoids

adduct vocal folds

posterior cricoarytenoids

abduct vocal folds

movement of cricoarytenoid joint

can rock forwards, back, laterally, & rotate around axis

thyromuscularis

lateral/external

thyromuscularis action

relaxes

thyrovocalis

medial/internal

thyrovocalis action

tenses

interarytenoids

oblique & transverse

interarytenoids action

adduct VF

extrinsic laryngeal muscles

connect 1 point inside & one point outside larynx

intrinsic laryngeal muscles

connect to 2 points within larynx

suprahyoid elevators

mylohyoid, digastric (posterios & anterior belly), stylohyoid, hyoglossus, genioglossus, geniohyoid, thryopharyngeus

stylo

styloid process of temporal bone

mylo

molar (mandible)

digastric

2 bellies

mylohyoid

floor of mouth

stylohyoid

above posterior digastric

genioglossus

base of tongue

genio

chin

glossus

tongue

infrahyoid depressors

thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid (superior & inferior belly), & sternohyoid

omo

shoulder/scapular

aryepilottic muscles

close airway

thyroepiglottic muscles

open airway

vocal fold microstructure

epithelium, superficial layer, intermediate layer, deep layer, muscle

epithelium (stratified squamous)

basement layer zone

superficial layer (gelatinous)

reinke’s space

intermediate layer

elastic

deep layer

collagenous

lamina propria includes what layers

superficial, intermediate, & deep

epithelium & superficial layer makes up

mucosa

intermediate & deep layer makes up

vocal ligament

intrinsic laryngeal muscles innervated by CN5

superior laryngeal (External & internal) & recurrent laryngeal

internal laryngeal nerve

only sensory- above VC

external laryngeal nerve

only motor- cricothyroid

recurrent laryngeal nerve

sensory - below VC; motor - all other muscles

articulation

structures that come together

respiratory system provides the drive to power the ______ of VF

vibration

throat plus oral cavity shapes the different sounds into

recognizing ones

power

generation of enough subglottal pressure & airflow from respiratory system

source

where we have production of voice due to vibration of VF

filter

sound coming up from VF & is then shaped through throat, oral, & nasal cavity

increased air cavity/cavity equals

decreased frequency of sound

decreased air/cavity equals

increased frequency of sound

source for consonants

phonation & turbulence at point of articulation

alveolar sound

/t/d/

bilabial sound

/b/m/

labiodental sound

/k/g/

glottal stop sound

/h/

hard palate is majority of

roof of mouth

soft palate is also known as

velum

faucial pillars location

posterior oral cavity

velopharyngeal location

btwn nasal cavity & pharynx

nasal choanae location

posterior nasal cavity

pharyngeal tonsils are also known as

adenoids

tonsils are used for

immune system purposes

mandible

fused @ midline of mental synthesis

maxillae

2 bones fused, makes up portion of hard palate

palatine bones

makes up portion of hard palate

lacrimal bones

inside of eye socket

ramus

angle of mandible

mental foramen

for blood supply & CN 5

mental protuberance

chin area of mandible

mental symphysis at fusion of

2 mental tubercles

mental symphysis marks

mental protuberance

fossa

indentation

more movement with mandible than…

maxilla

horizontal plate of palatime bone

makes up posterior hard palate