Hind Swaraj and Indian History

What are the three pillars of freedom in Hind Swaraj?

Self-rule, nonviolent resistance, and local self-reliance.

Who authored Hind Swaraj and in what year?

M. K. Gandhi in 1909.

In what language was Hind Swaraj originally written?

Gujarati.

What literary form is Hind Swaraj written in?

A dialogue between an Editor and a Reader.

Define Swaraj.

Self-rule, including moral self-control.

Define Satyagraha.

Holding firmly to truth through nonviolent, active suffering.

What is the difference between Satyagraha and passive resistance?

Satyagraha adds truth, active moral commitment, and aims to transform the opponent.

Define Ahimsa.

Nonviolence and non-harm.

Define Swadeshi.

Local self-reliance and serving your community.

What is soul-force according to Gandhi?

Moral power used in place of physical force.

What is brute force?

Coercion or violence.

According to Gandhi, what is the goal of modern civilization?

Wealth, material progress, comfort, and consumption.

According to Gandhi, what is the goal of true civilization?

Moral and spiritual growth with restraint and self-discipline.

What is the mnemonic for why Britain ruled India?

Let in, Keep in, Want in.

What does 'Let in' mean in Gandhi's view of British rule?

Indian rulers and soldiers helped the East India Company gain power.

What does 'Want in' mean in Gandhi's view of British rule?

Indians desire British wealth, comforts, and institutions.

What does the mnemonic R-L-D-M-E-P stand for in Gandhi's critiques?

Railways, Lawyers, Doctors, Machinery, Education, Parliament.

Why did Gandhi criticize railways?

They moved troops, spread plague, and turned holy places into tourist stops.

Why did Gandhi criticize modern medicine (doctors)?

Medicine removes consequences without changing behavior and treats comfort as life's purpose.

What was Gandhi's view of machinery?

It concentrates wealth, creates dependence, and is the chief symbol of modern civilization.

What are the three components of real home rule in Chapter 20 (S-S-S)?

Self-control, Soul-force, and Swadeshi.

How do means shape ends according to Gandhi?

Violence keeps the desire to dominate, producing a new oppressive system.

What do Tolstoy, Thoreau, Ruskin, and the Gita represent for Gandhi?

His primary intellectual and spiritual influences.

What is Tolstoy's main argument in 'A Letter to a Hindu'?

Love and nonviolence can lastingly defeat oppression.

What is Thoreau's argument in 'On the Duty of Civil Disobedience'?

Follow your conscience over an unjust government.

What is Orwell's argument in 'Shooting an Elephant'?

Colonialism constrains and corrupts both the colonized and the colonizer.

What does the mnemonic B-H-A-J-S-A stand for regarding Mughal emperors?

Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb.

Who founded the Mughal Empire?

Babur.

Which Mughal emperor built the Taj Mahal for Mumtaz Mahal?

Shah Jahan.

What were the causes of the 1857 rebellion represented by M-R-P-E?

Military discrimination, Religious cartridge rumor, Political annexations, and Economic exploitation.

What was the 'Quit India' movement of 1942?

A demand for the British to leave India with the motto 'Do or Die'.

Who was Dadabhai Naoroji?

An Indian leader who argued that British rule drained India's wealth.

Who was the first Prime Minister of independent India?

Jawaharlal Nehru.

Who was the last Viceroy of India?

Lord Mountbatten.