LECTURE: VITAMINS & MINERALS

Organic compounds obtained from dietary sources

Vitamins

Two Classes of Vitamins

Water Soluble and Fat Soluble

What are Water Soluble Vitamins

Vitamin B group

Vitamin C

What are Fat Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins A

Vitamin D

Vitamin E

Vitamin K

Identify the Vitamin: Components of coenzymes

Vitamin B

Identify the Vitamin:

• Co substrate in the formation of structural protein collagen

• GENERAL Antioxidant

Vitamin C

RDA (mg/day) in Vitamin C

General: 100mg/day

Great Britain: 30

United States and Canada: 60

Germany: 75

Reduced form of Vitamin C

Ascorbic acid

Oxidized form of Vitamin C

Dehydroascorbic acid

Identify the Vitamins:

• Involved in plasma membrane process

-Hydrophobic and Nonpolar

Function of Vitamins A, D, E, K

Vitamin A functions

1. Vision

2. Regulating Cell Differentiation

3. Maintenance of epithelial tissues

4. Reproduction & growth

Preformed of Vitamin A

Retinoids

Vitamin A Alcohol

Retinols

Vitamin A w/ an Aldehyde group

Retinal

Vitamin A acidic form

Retinoic acid

What are Vitamin A derived from?

b-carotene

Identify the Vitamin:

To maintain normal blood levels of calcium & phosphate ions for bone hardening

Hormone Function: Promotes Calcium and Phosphate absorption in intestine

Vitamin D

Vitamin D2

Ergocalciferol

Vitamin D3: Sunshine Vitamin

Cholecalciferol

Pre cursor of Vitamin D

7-dehydrocholesterol

Identify the Vitamin:
Primary function: Antioxidant - protects against oxidation → polyunsaturated fatty acids in membrane lipids

Vitamin E

Four forms of Vitamin E

Alpha-tocopherol

Beta-tocopherol

Delta-tocopherol

Gamma-tocopherol

Identify the Vitamin:
Regulating blood clotting process & biosynthesis of proteins

Vitamin K

What is Vitamin K1

Phylloquinone - substance found in plants

What is Vitamin K2

Menaquinone - found in animals, synthesized by bacteria

Dietary need supply of Vitamin K

½ by bacteria ½ from diet

Major functions of Minerals

1. Body building

2. Control of body processes specifically the nervous system

3. Essential for body fluids and cells

4. Forms part of enzymes & other proteins necessary for the release of energy

Major Minerals

1. Calcium

2. Phosphorus

3. Sodium

4. Potassium

5. Magnesium

Trace Elements of Essential Minerals

1. Iron

2. Zinc

3. Iodine

Identify the Mineral:
“Healthy bones & teeth”

• blood clotting, nerve and muscle contraction

• heart regulation

Calcium

Calcium deficiency

Stunted growth → Rickets & Osteoporosis

Identify the Mineral:
Muscle contraction

Bones and teeth accompanied by Calcium

Phosphorus

Phosphorus deficiency

Tiredness & Depression

Identify the Mineral:
Maintains water balance

Controls ody temperature

Sodium

Identify the Mineral:
Muscle contraction & Body fluid

• necessary for building muscle for normal body growth

Potassium

Potassium deficiency

Dry skin, acne, muscle spasms, weakness

Identify the Mineral:
Interaction with enzymes (DNA synthesis)

Magnesium

Magnesium deficiency

Hypocalcemia

Identify the Mineral: Production of hemoglobin in blood to carry oxygen

Iron

Identify the Mineral: Immune system function

• Needed for sense of smell and taste

Zinc

Zinc deficiency

Retarded growth

Excess of Zinc

Enlarged Liver

Identify the Mineral: Thyroid gland function & Body Metabolism

Iodine

Iodine disease involved

Goiter

Retinal + Opsin + ____

Rhodopsin