chapter 5

function of the hypothalamus

Creates and maintains homeostasis (regulates body temp, sex drive, hunger, thirst, sleep, etc)

function of the pituitary

known as master gland

Influences other glands and lets gonads know what to do

function of the gonads

Sex glands

Men - testes

Women - ovaries

mian hormones produced by the gonads in males and females

male - testes produce testosterone

female - overaies produce estrogen and progesterone

sex chromosomes for males and females

males - XY (sperm gives either X or Y)

females - XX (female gives X)

Gonad differentiation in devlopment

occurs earlier for males

puberty

females experience this earlier/first

changes in females during puberty

Fatty tissue in breasts, butt, hips and pelvic bone widens

Pubic hair growth

Height growth

Uterus doubles in size and menarche (first menstruation)

changes in males during puberty

Growth of testes and scrotal sac

Pubic and underarm hair growth

Height growth

Length and thickness of penis gets bigger

Larynx grows (voice deepening)

Facial hair growth

adolescence

Cultural concept, not all cultures have it

Markers include: financial independence, having a long-term committed relationship or children

Loooooooooong period of adolescence in America

delayed adulthood

4 resolutions

technological, sexual, women’s, youth

technological

need more time to learn vaklues workplace skills

sexual

refers to access to birth control (allows delaying parenthood)

womens

Now able to attend college, and having the skills + knowledge + ability to enter the workforce and provide for themselves

youth

Not following traditional societal expectations - marriage, having children, going to college, etc

menstruation

1 phases of the menstrual cycle

Sharp decline in estrogen and progesterone

Blood, the lining of the uterus, and A LOT mucus are coming out

Varies (3- 10) days widely

follicular phase

2 phase of the menstrual cycle

Follicularly, the ovaries start to prepare the egg for release

The uterus starts to build up again (thickening)

14-21 days (including menstruation)

ovulation

3 phases of the menstrual cycle

When an egg is released

One-day event

Estrogen levels are really high

Some women can feel it by cramping

luteal phase

4th phase

uterus is getting ready for the baby

Thick, thick, thick uterus lining and nutrients

12-14 days

Other cyclical changes that accompany the menstrual cycle

Cervical mucus cycle

Basal body temperature

cervical mucus cycle

At the beginning of the cycle, thick mucus

Just before ovulation - thin, watery, egg whites, mucus (Good for the sperm to get where it needs to go)

After ovulation - thick mucus, pasty

Basal body temperature

Takes a dip on the day of ovulation

Slight drop in the basal body temperature

Rises after ovulation

menstrual problems

Dysmenorrhea

Endometriosis

Amenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea

Painful menstruation

Orgasms can reduce the pain of cramping

Endometriosis

Endometrium = uterus lining

Uterus lining growing somewhere that isn't your uterus

Last a long time

Amenorrhea

The absence of menstruation not due to birth control

What scientifically indicates sex (gender)?

Male’s X or Y

Endometrium

uterus lining

homologous to testes

ovaries

homologous to penis

clitours

homologous to scrotum

outer lips