UE ROM & MMT Skills Check

shoulder flexion

0-180, firm

shoulder extension

0-50, firm

shoulder abduction

0-180, firm

shoulder horizontal abduction

0-30, firm

shoulder horizontal adduction

0-120, soft

shoulder internal rotation

0-70, firm

shoulder external rotation

0-90, firm

elbow flexion

0-150, soft

elbow extension

0, hard

pronation

0-80, firm

supination

0-80, firm

carrying angle

average 13 degrees, 6 standard deviation

serratus anterior

• AG: supine, shoulder flexed 90°, elbow fully flexed

• GM: sitting, arm on the table with shoulder flexed 90° and elbow extended, or arm supported by you

Protract the scapula, reaching forward so it slides around the thorax

lower trapezius

• AG and GM: prone, shoulder abducted to 130°

• If shoulder ROM is limited, arm over the side of the table, manually supported

movement:

• AG: draw scapula into adduction/depression and lift the arm off the table

• GM: same scapular motion while the therapist supports the arm

supraspinatus

• AG: sitting, shoulder neutral rotation, elbow flexed

• GM: supine, arm supported, neutral rotation, elbow flexed

Abduct the shoulder within a 30° range

middle trapezius

• AG: prone, elbow flexed over the edge of the table

• GM: sitting, arm on the table, shoulder abducted 90°, elbow flexed 90°, friction-free surface

Adduct the scapulae toward midline

pronator muscles

• AG: sitting, arm against the trunk, elbow flexed 90°

• GM: sitting, shoulder and elbow flexed 90°, forearm perpendicular to the table

movement

• AG: full supination to neutral

• GM: full supination to full pronation

middle deltoid

• AG: sitting, shoulder neutral, elbow flexed 90°

• GM: supine, arm supported, elbow flexed 90°

Abduct the shoulder to 90° in the frontal plane

teres major

• AG: prone, shoulder medially rotated, hand resting on the low back

• GM: not tested; it only contracts against resistance

Adduct and extend the shoulder

infraspinatus/teres minor

• AG: prone, elbow flexed over the edge of the table

• GM: prone, shoulder flexed over the edge of the table

Laterally rotate the shoulder 90°

subscapularis

• AG: prone, shoulder abducted 90°, elbow flexed over the edge of the table

• GM: prone, shoulder flexed over the edge of the table

Medially rotate the shoulder to 60°

latissimus dorsi

• AG: prone, shoulder flexed 90° and medially rotated over the edge of the table

• GM: sidelying, arm supported in 90° flexion and medial rotation, elbow flexed

Extend the shoulder, allowing the elbow to flex

posterior deltoid

• AG: prone, shoulder flexed over the edge of the table, elbow relaxed

• GM: sitting, arm supported on a table, shoulder and elbow flexed 90°

Horizontal abduction in the transverse plane

anterior deltoid

• AG: sitting, shoulder in neutral or internal rotation, elbow flexed

• GM: side lying, arm supported, shoulder neutral, elbow flexed

Flex the shoulder to 90°

triceps brachii

• AG: supine, shoulder flexed 90°, elbow fully flexed

• GM: sitting, shoulder supported in 90° flexion and medial rotation, elbow flexed, forearm neutral

Extend the elbow from 145° of flexion

rhomboids major/minor

• AG: prone, hand resting on the lumbar spine

• GM: sitting, hand on the lumbar spine (not a true GM position)

Scapular retraction and downward rotation, lifting the hand slightly off the back

supinator muscles

• AG: sitting, arm at the side, elbow flexed 90°

• GM: sitting, shoulder and elbow flexed 90°, forearm perpendicular to the table

movement

• AG: full pronation to neutral

• GM: full pronation to full supination

upper trapezius

• AG: sitting, arms relaxed

• GM: prone or supine (prone limits scapular friction), examiner supports the arms

elevate the shoulders towards the ears

pectoralis major

• AG: supine, shoulder neutral rotation and 90° abduction, elbow flexed

• GM: sitting, shoulder 90° abduction and neutral rotation, elbow flexed 90°, arm supported

movement

• Sternal head: horizontal adduction + extension toward the opposite hip

• Clavicular head: horizontal adduction + flexion toward the opposite shoulder

elbow flexors

• AG: sitting, arm in anatomical position, forearm set for the muscle being tested

• GM: sitting, arm supported in 90° abduction, neutral rotation, elbow extended, forearm supinated (doesn’t isolate individual muscles)

flex the elbow to 90 degrees with the right forearm position