Physiology Practice Test 2 Review

Vocabulary flashcards generated from Physiology Lecture Practice Test 2 notes covering neuroanatomy, sensory receptors, gustatory physiology, and cell functions.

Cerebellum

The part of the brain that coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, resulting in smooth and balanced muscular motor activity.

Preganglionic Neurons

Autonomic neurons that release the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (ACh) at the autonomic ganglion.

Adrenergic Receptors

Receptors located at target tissues that bind to catecholamines.

Superior Colliculi

Structures located on the brain stem associated with visual reflexes.

Abducens Nerve (CN VI)

The cranial nerve responsible for motor function involving lateral movement of the eyes.

Ependymal Cells

Glial cells that secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Tufted and Mitral Cells

Cells that form the axons of the olfactory cranial nerve to send sensory information to the brain.

Superior Oblique

The eye muscle that regulates downward and outward movement of the eye.

G-Coupled Protein Receptors (Taste)

Receptors used by umami and bitter molecules to depolarize gustatory cells.

$\text{IP}_3$ and $\text{cAMP}$

Secondary messenger chemicals used by metabotropic receptors in gustatory physiology.

Calcium Ion ($\text{Ca}^{2+}$) Influx in Gustatory Cells

The movement of $\text{Ca}^{2+}$ into gustatory cells that leads to the release of neurotransmitters by synaptic vesicles.

Endolymph

Fluid found in the scala media of the cochlea that is rich in $\text{K}^+$ ions.

Depolarization Phase

The physiological phase during which $\text{Na}^+$ gated channels are fully open.

Repolarization Phase

The phase in which the inside of the neuron cell becomes more negative than the outside of the cell.

L Cones

Photoreceptors in the retina that absorb long wavelengths of light to enable color vision.

Temporal Lobe

The region of the cerebral cortex responsible for processing hearing.

Occipital Lobe

The region of the cerebral cortex associated with vision.

Proprioceptors

Sensory receptors that detect changes in muscle length.

Free Nerve Endings

Unencapsulated sensory receptors, as opposed to encapsulated receptors like Ruffini corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, and Krause bulbs.

Microglial Cells

Neuroglial cells in the central nervous system that function as part of the immune system to destroy pathogens.