structure, bonding and equilibria - SEMESTER 1

What is the octet rule?

Where compounds aim to don’t an electron configuration of a noble gas.

How is the octet rule proven wrong?

Ionic and covalent bonding proves this wrong

How do electrons have a frequency of light?

• the electron becomes excited and jumps to a higher energy level

• The electron emits energy and returns to ground state

• The energy emitted is light and the frequency is given by the energy change

How is the energy of an atom described?

Quantized

Strengths of Bohr model?

Does a good job at predicting the energies of the emission of light spectrum.

Weakness’ of the Bohr model?

• doesn’t explain why the electron doesn’t fall into the nucleus

• Doesn’t explain why atoms are quantized

• Doesn’t explain why only certain energy levels are available

What are wavefunctions another term for?

Orbitals

What does a wavefunction show about orbitals?

Shows orbitals can be described by 3 quantum numbers and that atoms are quantised.

What are the three quantum numbers of wavefunction?

N - principal number

L - second quantum numbers (gives the shape of the orbital)

Ml - magnetic quantum number (can be positive or negative)

What does the radial value tell you about the mathmatical orbit of an electron?

How the electron distribution changes with the distance from the nucleus

What does the angular value of the mathematical orbit of an electron tell you?

How the orbital changes with angle from the nucleus

On a graph, what is the radial distribution function and where is it found?

The most probable distance to find an electron in the orbital, found as the highest point on the graph.

What is the node?

Where the wavefunction is 0

What does the angular part tell us?

The shape of the orbital

What are the two possible phases of an electron?

Positive or negative

What happens to the phase of an electron as you pass through the nucleus?

It stays the same