Exam 2 - CAS - Chapter 9: Ecology of the Mass Media

Media affect socialization because they influence ____

values, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior

The media environment affecting children is characterized by ____

availability, variety of choices, proliferation of portable devices, facility of use, and affordability

True or False: Even though media technology has changed, concerns regarding its influence on children remain the same

True

The broadcast media are subject to regulation by the ____

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

True or False: Because Congress deems the airways “public,” the government, through an agency, can legally issue licenses and control transmitters. Cable channels, because they do not use the public airwaves, are not under the same obligation to serve the public interest.

True

The major media aim their content at the broadest spectrum of viewers to gain the attention of the largest number of ____

consumers

Since the broadcast media in the United States are designed to attract audiences to sell products, they will convey messages that influence ____

attitudes and behavior

The media industry responds to public disapproval of programming or content via ____

self-regulation

The mass communication system in the United States is generally characterized by ____ and dedicated to ____

private ownership; corporate profits

TV and radio make their profits from ____

advertising

Social Cognitive Theory

asserts that media contribute to children’s learning by enabling them to observe role models behave on screen

Cultivation Theory

believes media content affects viewers’ beliefs about the world and consequently alters their behavior

Motivation Theory

believes the impact of media depends on how media are used and the individual abilities and characteristics of the user

Displacement Theory

says that media used for entertainment may displace developmental activities such as play, hobbies, games, sleep, studying, reading, physical activities, and social engagements

____ involves establishing and maintaining relationships with others

Socioemotional development

True or False: If children have few experiences listening, responding, negotiating, and compromising, their socioemotional development will be positively affected

False

True or False: Children from economically and educationally disadvantaged backgrounds spend more time being entertained by screens than children from more affluent families

True

As children consume large amounts of media, they spend less time being ____ and are exposed to many ads for food

physically active

True or False: Like food advertising, tobacco and alcoholic beverage companies employ direct as well as indirect marketing strategies

True

The way screen media presents information affects an individual’s ____.

perception of reality

True or False: Children make factual judgments primarily based on genre (news is factual; drama is not), which in turn depends on formal production features. Because children have not experienced much of the real world, they accept what media portrays as the truth

True

Violent videos have been linked to sleep problems such as difficulty falling asleep and nightmares in ____

preschool children

Violence in media is a concern because over the years it has increased in programming aimed at ____

children and on prime-time television programming

True or False: Children who watch a great deal of media violence are more prone to behave aggressively than are children who do not watch media violence

True

True or False: The concern is not only with the prevalence of violence, but that it is portrayed as unnecessary and relatively harmful

False

True or False: Childhood exposure to media violence predicts young adult aggressive behavior for both males and females

True

For individuals who watch a great deal of media, attitudes will be built based on what they see, and the attitudes will affect their ____

motives and behavior

Children under age _ do not understand the persuasive intent of advertising and are particularly vulnerable to its appeals

8

True or False: Despite increased awareness of the purpose of advertising, even older children are unable find commercials convincing, especially if endorsed by a celebrity

False

Visual media communicates the same information to everyone simultaneously, regardless of ____

age, level of education, or experience

Studies have shown that children who watch altruistic behavior on media become ____ themselves

more altruistic

True or False: Just watching prosocial behavior on the screen has few lasting effects unless an adult watches the show with the child, discusses the positive behavior, and encourages the child to model it

True

A ____ is an oversimplified representation of members of a particular group

stereotype

True or False: The media not only fails to accurately reflect the world in which young people live, but it also sends a message that society values some groups more than others

True

Television and movies increasingly include conversations about ____

sex, nudity, profanity, and sexually explicit activities

Much less attention is paid by the media to the potential consequences of ____

casual sexual behavior