Dari Lesson 4: Mealtime in Afghanistan Flashcards

A comprehensive vocabulary and grammar guide for Dari Lesson 4, focusing on mealtime, food items, verb stems, and grammar particles like را (raa).

نوشيدن /no-shee-dan/

To drink (infinitive form)

نوش /nosh/

The present stem of the verb 'to drink' (نوشيدن)

نوشيد /no-sheed/

The past stem of the verb 'to drink' (نوشيدن)

می /mey/

The prefix added before the present stem to conjugate verbs in the simple present tense

/am/, /ee/, /ad/, /eym/, /eyd/, /and/

The personal endings used in Dari verb conjugation for the present tense

گرفتن /ge-ref-tan/

To take (or to consume); its present stem is گير /geer/

ِب /be/

The syllable added to the beginning of the present stem to form the imperative (command) version of a verb

َن /na/

The syllable that replaces ِب /be/ to form the negative imperative (e.g., 'Don’t drink!')

جات /jaat/

A plural suffix used for specific nouns like 'fruits' (ميوه جات) and 'vegetables' (سبزیجات)

را /raa/

The particle indicating a definite direct object, used to specify a specific noun similarly to the English word 'the'

آب (اَو)

Water

نان خشک [ = نان]

Bread

سبزی (ترکاری)

Vegetable

ميوه

Fruit

گوشت

Meat

برنج

Rice

شوربا (شوروا)

Soup

چای

Tea

دوغ

Buttermilk

شربت

Juice

کلچه

Cookies

سگرت

Cigarettes

چای صبح [ = ناشتا]

Breakfast (literally 'morning tea')

نان چاشت [ = طعام چاشت]

Lunch (literally 'noon meal')

نان شب [ = طعام شب]

Dinner (literally 'evening meal')

گرسنه (گُشنه)

Hungry

تشنه (تُشنه)

Thirsty

بسيار

Very, many, or much

سگرت کشيدن / کش / کشيد

To smoke; includes stems 'pull/smoke' and 'smoked'

خواستن / خواه / خواست

To want; includes present stem 'خواه' and past stem 'خواست'

خوش داشتن

To like; this verb must always be used with a direct object marked by را /raa/

Infinitive Stress

The stress generally falls on the last syllable (e.g., /tan/ in گرفتن)

Verb Conjugation Stress

The stress generally falls on the first syllable (e.g., /mey/ in مينوشم)

Imperative Stress

Whether affirmative or negative, the stress generally falls on the first syllable (e.g., /be/ in بنوش)

Noun Stress

The stress generally falls on the last syllable (e.g., /na/ in خانه)