IBIO 365 Lab 6 Cetacea, Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, & Sirenia (Taxonomy and Habits)

What is the order of baleen whales?

Artiodactyla

What is the suborder of baleen whales?

Cetacea

What is the infraorder of baleen whales?

Mysticeti

What type of habitat do baleen whales occupy?

Some are coastal, some oceanic

What is the diet of baleen whales?

Small fish, krill, zooplankton

What is the activity pattern of baleen whales?

Unreported; most are highly migratory

What is the lifestyle of baleen whales?

Fully aquatic

What is the typical behavior of baleen whales?

Solitary

What is the geographic range of baleen whales?

All oceans worldwide

What is the order that includes ocean dolphins and their allies?

Artiodactyla

What suborder do ocean dolphins belong to?

Cetacea

What is the infraorder of ocean dolphins?

Odontoceti

What is the family of ocean dolphins?

Delphinidae

What type of habitat do ocean dolphins inhabit?

Oceans and adjoining seas, sometimes rivers

What is the primary diet of ocean dolphins?

Mostly fish, some squid and crustaceans

What is the activity pattern of ocean dolphins?

May occur at day and night, some migrate

What is the lifestyle of ocean dolphins?

Fully aquatic

How do ocean dolphins behave socially?

Some are highly social

In what regions can ocean dolphins be found?

All oceans and seas, some rivers

What is the order of Amazon river dolphins?

Artiodactyla

What suborder do Amazon river dolphins belong to?

Cetacea

What is the infraorder of Amazon river dolphins?

Odontoceti

What family do Amazon river dolphins belong to?

Iniidae

What type of habitat do Amazon river dolphins live in?

Fresh water rivers and coastal waters

What is the diet of Amazon river dolphins?

Fish, squid, shrimp

When are Amazon river dolphins active?

May occur at day and night

What is the lifestyle of Amazon river dolphins?

Fully aquatic

What is the typical group size of Amazon river dolphins?

Group sizes range from 1-12

In which regions can Amazon river dolphins be found?

Asia and South America

What is the order that narwhals and belugas belong to?

Artiodactyla

What suborder do narwhals and belugas belong to?

Cetacea

What infraorder do narwhals and belugas belong to?

Odontoceti

What family do narwhals and belugas belong to?

Monodontidae

What is the habitat of narwhals and belugas?

Oceanic, sometimes ascending rivers

What is the diet of narwhals and belugas?

Fish, cephalopods, crustaceans

What is the activity pattern of narwhals and belugas?

Unreported; migrate in response to shifting ice

What is the lifestyle of narwhals and belugas?

Aquatic

What is the behavior of narwhals and belugas?

Gregarious

What is the range of narwhals and belugas?

Arctic Ocean and nearby seas

What is the order of the sperm whale?

Artiodactyla

What is the suborder of the sperm whale?

Cetacea

What is the infraorder of the sperm whale?

Odontoceti

What family does the sperm whale belong to?

Physeteridae

What is the habitat of the sperm whale?

Oceanic

What is the diet of the sperm whale?

Squid and crustaceans

What is the activity pattern of the sperm whale?

Unreported; migrates

What lifestyle does the sperm whale have?

Aquatic

What is the behavior of the sperm whale?

Gregarious

What is the range of the sperm whale?

All the oceans and adjoining seas of the world

What is the order of elephants?

Proboscidea

What family do elephants belong to?

Elephantidae

What types of habitats do elephants live in?

Desert to forest

What is the diet of elephants?

Herbivorous; grass

What is the activity pattern of elephants?

Diurnal

What is the lifestyle of elephants?

Terrestrial

What type of social system do elephants have?

Complex; matriarchy

In which regions can elephants be found?

Africa and Asia

What is the order of a hyrax?

Hyracoidea

What family does the hyrax belong to?

Procaviidae

What type of habitat do hyraxes prefer?

Forests; rocky areas

What is the diet of a hyrax?

Leaves, bark, grasses, some insects

What is the activity pattern of a hyrax?

Diurnal

What lifestyle do hyraxes have?

Arboreal and terrestrial

What is the social behavior of hyraxes?

Colonial or solitary

In which regions can hyraxes be found?

Africa and Asia

What order do manatees belong to?

Sirenia

What family do manatees belong to?

Trichechidae

What type of habitat do manatees prefer?

Coastal waters, sometimes rivers

What is the diet of manatees?

Herbivorous; algae and higher plants

What is the activity pattern of manatees?

Active day and night; some migratory

What is the lifestyle of manatees?

Fully aquatic

What is the behavior of manatees?

Social

In which regions can manatees be found?

North America, South America and Africa

What is the order of the dugong?

Sirenia

What family does the dugong belong to?

Dugongidae

What type of habitat do dugongs live in?

Tropical coastal waters

What is the diet of the dugong?

Herbivorous; graze on aquatic plants

What does the activity pattern of the dugong depend on?

Tides and water temperature

What is the lifestyle of the dugong?

Fully aquatic

What is the social behavior of dugongs?

Solitary or small groups (3-6)

In which regions can dugongs be found?

Africa, Asia, and Australia

Baleen

keratin fibers that hang from the upper jaws of mysticetes

Rorqual

"tube-throated"; refers to whales with grooves on the chest and throat that allow for expansion

Echolocation

a highly developed form of biological sonar used to detect one's surroundings and locate prey

Melon

a mass of fatty tissue in the forehead of dolphins and other 'toothed' whales; the melon is used in echolocation

Telescoped

moved out of the natural position; the skull bones have been 'telescoped' (pushed back or compressed downward) to make room for the blowhole

symphysis

a cartilaginous articulation between bones; usually slightly moveable

Ramus

the horizontal portion of each lower jaw in which the teeth are rooted

Horizontal tooth replacement

the teeth move forwards in the jaw over time, as if on a conveyor belt