Cardio Pathophysiology Short Questions

Normal BP Range

Systolic blood pressure less than 120 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure less than 80 mmHg

CAD Share of US Mortality

CAD causes approximately 25% of all deaths in adult Americans (about 1 in every 4 deaths)

Steps of Blood Flow Through the Heart

Superior/inferior vena cava to right atrium to tricuspid valve to right ventricle to pulmonary valve to pulmonary artery to lungs to pulmonary vein to left atrium to bicuspid valve to left ventricle to aortic valve to aorta

Link Between Myocardial Ischemia and Angina

Coronary artery narrowing limits blood supply so myocardial oxygen demand exceeds delivery forcing anaerobic metabolism and acidosis which triggers the characteristic chest pain known as angina pectoris

Frank-Starling Mechanism and Functional Importance

Increased venous return increases end-diastolic volume and stretches ventricular walls triggering a more forceful myocardial contraction to elevate stroke volume and match cardiac output to venous return during exercise