behaviourist ao1

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8 Terms

1
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key assumptions of behaviourist approach

  • humans born as a blank slate

  • learning takes place through classical and operant conditioning

  • only observable behaviour studied

  • only scientific methods used

  • valid to study animals (share same learning principles as humans)


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classical conditioning

  • learning through association


3
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operant conditioning

  • learning through consequence


4
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positive reinforcement

  • adding a desirable consequence after a behaviour to increase the likelihood of that behaviour being repeated


5
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negative reinforcement

  • preventing an unpleasant consequence after a behaviour to increase the likelihood of that behaviour being repeated


6
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punishment

  • unpleasant consequence which stops behaviour from being repeated


7
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who studied classical and operant conditioning

  • pavlov - classical

  • skinner - operant

  • watson and rayner - classical


8
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watson and rayner: little albert

  • investigate if phobia could be created using classical conditioning

  • paired rat (NS) with loud bang

  • after 7 pairs, rat (NS) became CS and caused CR (fear)