MAH final exam

Liberty Bonds

-Almost half of Americans bought them -People who bought them were lending money to the government -Sale brought in 2/3 of the money needed to fight the war

Muckracker

Investigative reporter where worse rakes up corruption and inequalities of society

Upton Sinclar

Sanitary condition

Square Deal

Teddy Roosevelt's agenda as president which included trust-busting and giving all Americans a four deal

Booker T. Washington

-Son of enslaves parents -Training, first step towards equality

WEB Du Bois

Helped establish NAACP

Panama Canal

Made travel and trade easier and faster between Atlantic and Pacific Ocean

Spanish Colonies

-Guam -Puerto Rico -Phillipenes

Yellow Journalism

Reporting of events using sensational and sometimes false headlines

USS Maine

-Exploded in harbor of Havana, Cuba in Feb, 1898 -Destruction caused yellow journalism to immediately blame Spain -Remember the Maine- Rallying cry

Imperialist

Reasons to become: -Desire to add new markets in which to sell -Obtained natural resources such as gold products and timber -Benefit military

Crop Prices

Dropped because of new agricultural technology, better farm methods, and greater crop yield

The Grange

Association of farmers organized to protect rights and profits

Populist Party

-Goal was to help farmers get out of debt and give people voices in government -Wanted to increase nations money supply -Advocated an 8 hour work day -Supported direct election of U.S. senators

Melting Pot

The blending together of cultured in America due to high immigration numbers in the late 18th century

Ellis Island

Processing center for incoming European immigrants arriving in New York

Horizontal Integration

Business strategy where a company grows by merging with or buying other companies that make the same product

Vertical Integration

A business strategy where a company owns or controls multiples stages of its supply chain

Homestead Act

-Gave settlers up to 160 acres of land in the U.S. -Required settlers to improve land and live on it for 5 years -Signed into law by President Lincoln

Chinese Immigrants

Came to the U.S. to work on the railroad

Promontory Point

Place where eastern and western parts of the transcontinental railroad met

Monopoly

A business where one single company supplies all products

Laissez-Fair Policy

Few government regulations on industry- Hands off

Robber Baron

-Squashed all competitions -Payed very low wages -Exploited their workers -Used their influences to manipulate governments policies

Andrew Carnegie

Gave away millions of dollars to the poor, schools, and other social programs

Tenements

Purpose was the development of subway, skyscrapers, and suspension bridges

Gilded Age

Mark Twain used this term to describe the time period in American History when many social problems were masked by a thin layer of gold that made things look better than they were

13th Amendment

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist within the U.S.

14th Amendment

All persons born or naturalized in the U.S. are citizens of the U.S.

15th Amendment

The right of citizens of the U.S. to vote shall not be denied

Freedmen's Bureau

Helped enslaved people with school

Ku Klux Klan

Former confederate soldiers who terrorized black reconstruction to make money

Black Codes

Laws passed in the south that limited the rights of the free black people

June 19, 1865

-Emancipation proclaimation was 2 years old -13th amendment had already been written -Confederate Army had already surrendered -Union soldiers arrived in Texas and freed the last remaining 250,000 black people

Jim Crow

An era in which white supremacists took power across the south, segregation became the norm and southern states found ways to strip free blacks of rights

Militarism

New military technologies, an arms race between countries and glorification of war

Balkans

A "Power Keg" region in Europe where nationalism was very strong before WWI

Immediate Cause of WWI

Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated, Austria declares war on Serbia, all allies join in

Zimmerman Telegraph

Causes the U.S. congress to declare was on Germany

American Homefront during WWI

-1,000's of black Americans moved from Jim Crow South to Northern Cities to wrk in factories -National war labour board created to prevent disputes between factory owners and workers to eliminate strikes

Meatless Monday and Wheatless Wednesday

Part of a nationwide campaign supporting the war effort

War industries board

Coordinated the purchase of war supplies for Army and Navy