AP Euro - Imperialism

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Direct Rule

Colonial rule practiced by France, sending officials and soldiers to administer their colonies.

Indirect Rule

Colonial rule often practiced by Britain, by governing their colonies using sultans, chiefs, or other local rulers.

Sphere of Influence

Area claimed for exclusive investment or trading privileges.

Cecil Rhodes

A firm believer in British rights to expand control across Africa. "From Cairo to Capetown"

Rudyard Kipling

Defined the "white man's burden" as the duty of European and Euro-American peoples to bring order to distant lands

Social Darwinism

The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion. Originated with Herbert Spencer.

Suez Canal

Waterway that links that Mediterranean and Red Seas

Open Door Policy

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Berlin Conference

(1884-1885) During European Imperialism, various European leaders met in Berlin, Germany to discuss plans for dividing Africa peacefully. Last major act of diplomacy by Bismarck.

British East India Company

A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism; main goal was to make money.

Scramble for Africa

Term given for the rapid invasion of Africa by the various European powers. This began imperialism in Africa.

Opium War

1839-1842. Chinese attempted to prohibit the opium trade, British declared war and won against Chinese. Treaty of Nanjing, agreed to open 5 ports to British trade and limit tariffs on British goods and gave Hong Kong.

gunboat diplomacy

diplomacy in which the nation threaten to use force in order to obtain their objectives

extraterritoriality

Right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own nation.

Sepoy Rebellion

The revolt of Indian soldiers in 1857 against certain practices that violated religious customs; also known as the Sepoy Mutiny.

Exceptions to African imperialism during the New Imperialism period.

Liberia and Ethiopia. The rest of Africa was claimed by Europe.

Gandhi

This was a leader of the Indian independence movement in mid-20th century known for his nonviolent protests.

Zulus

an African tribe that nearly defeated the British they used spears and shields but eventually they would be defeated and lose their kingdom.

Belgian Congo

Exploited by Leopold II at Belgium under the Berlin Act, Leopold was supposed to act as a trustee. He violated the agreement and stripped the country of its resources.

Boer War

Lasting from 1899 to 1902, Dutch colonists and the British competed for control of territory in South Africa.

Boxer Rebellion

1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops.

Maxim Machine Gun

the first automatic machine gun; invention that allowed conquest of the interior of Africa

Quinine

An agent that proved effective in controlling attacks of malaria, which had previously decimated Europeans.