Ch13 colorectal and male reproductive tests and procedures: clinical 1

large intestine is divided into 3 sections

1. Cecum

2. Colon

3. Rectum

What is the cecum?

first part of the large intestine

What is the colon

large intestine

What is the rectum?

Final section of the large intestine.

What are the 4 sections of the colon?

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

What is colorectal cancer?

second most common cancer, monitored/prevented with colonoscopy. Cancer of the colon.

How does colorectal cancer usually starts?

From small precancerous polyps in the colon or rectum.

What is a polyp

A growth protruding from the mucous lining of the large intestine

What are some symptoms of colorectal cancer

changes in bowel habits and bleeding from the rectum, blood in stool. unexplained weight loss

What are the age risk of colorectal cancer

Increases after 50 years old and reaches its peak from ages 60-75 yrs old

What gender is higher risk for colorectal cancer

Men

What race is highest risk for colorectal cancers

African American out of all racial groups in United States. The reasons for this is totally not understood why.

What are some colorectal screening procedures?

Sigmoidoscopy

Digital rectal exam

Colonoscopy

What does occult mean ?

hidden or concealed

What is gFOBT?

guaiac fecal occult blood test

What is a fecal immunochemical test (FIT)?

detects occult blood in lower intestines by reacting to human hemoglobin protein in RBCs; required yearly

What is the FIT-DNA test?

Is the newest type of stool based colorectal screening test. It is FDA approved. It's more expensive. The DNA test detects altered DNA in the stool shed from the cells that may be associated with colorectal cancers or precancerous polyps. And it's not affected by medications or food.

What is the function of the large intestine

Reabsorbs water and stores and eliminates undigested food

What is a sigmoidoscopy?

examination of the sigmoid colon by means of a flexible tube inserted through the anus.

What is the purpose of a sigmoidoscopy

Performed following a positive FOBT to determine source and cause of bleeding

What is a colonoscopy?

A visual exam of the lining of the entire large intestine with a lighted, flexible fiber optic video endoscope.

How often should TSE be performed?

Monthly starting at age 15

When doing a testicular self examination what are you looking for?

Small painless lumps that are about the size of a pea. Located on the front or the side of the testicle.

What is a normal prostate tissue feel like ?

Soft.

When is the good time to perform a TSE?

After a warm shower.

What is TSE

testicular self exam

What is a PSA test?

prostate specific antigen (test)

Why would you need a prostate specific antigen test

Is looking for the presence of prostate cancer

PSA levels should be less than

What is patient preparation for a colonoscopy

The rectum and colon must be flushed out completely so it's free of all material.

What is full bowel prep?

When you prep someone for a colonoscopy and you are flushing out their entire colon and rectum of all fecal material.

What is a biopsy?

surgical excision of a small amount of tissue to determine if it's benign or malignant