Module 3A: Bones of the Forearm

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38 Terms

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Distal Humerus (Anterior)

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Distal humerus (Posterior)

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Coronoid and Olecranon fossa functions

Coronoid fossa: makes space for ulnar in flexion

Olecranon fossa: makes space for ulnar in extension

<p><mark data-color="yellow" style="background-color: yellow; color: inherit;">Coronoid fossa:</mark> makes space for ulnar in <mark data-color="yellow" style="background-color: yellow; color: inherit;">flexion</mark></p><p><mark data-color="blue" style="background-color: blue; color: inherit;">Olecranon fossa</mark>: makes space for uln<mark data-color="#fffdfd" style="background-color: rgb(255, 253, 253); color: inherit;">ar in</mark><mark data-color="blue" style="background-color: blue; color: inherit;"> extension </mark></p>
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The ulna is _____ and radius is ____

The ulna medial and radius is lateral

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how do you tell them apart?

  • radius is thicker at the distal end

  • this is because the radius is the one articulating with the carpals


<ul><li><p><span>radius is thicker at the distal end </span></p></li><li><p><span>this is because the radius is the one articulating with the carpals</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
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The ulna articulates with the _____

the trochlea of the humerus

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The radius articulates with the ________

the capitulum of the humerus

<p>the capitulum of the humerus </p>
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The Radius


<p></p>
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Radial fracture (also called broken wrist)

break at the end of the radius near wrist joint

  • also called foosh


<p>break at the end of the radius near wrist joint </p><ul><li><p>also called foosh </p></li></ul><p></p>
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The Ulna (wrench bone)

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Ulna landmarks

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Radioulnar joint

made of 3 articulations:

  • proximal radioulnar joint

  • middle radioulnar joint

  • distal radioulnar joint


<p>made of 3 articulations: </p><ul><li><p>proximal radioulnar joint </p></li><li><p>middle radioulnar joint </p></li><li><p>distal radioulnar joint </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Proximal radioulnar joint

head of radius + radial notch of the ulna

  • Synovial pivot joint

  • Annular ligament (stabilizes radial head)


<p>head of radius + radial notch of the ulna</p><ul><li><p class="p1">Synovial pivot joint</p></li><li><p class="p2">Annular ligament (stabilizes radial head)</p></li></ul><p></p>
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middle radioulnar joint

  • fibrous joint

  • Solid syndesmosis

  • Interosseous membrane (connective tissue sheet between the radius and ulna (attachment point for deep muscles)

  • allows for pronation and supination to occur smoothly


<ul><li><p>fibrous joint </p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Solid syndesmosis</p></li><li><p class="p2"> Interosseous membrane (connective tissue sheet between the radius and ulna (attachment point for deep muscles)</p></li><li><p class="p2">allows for pronation and supination to occur smoothly </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Distal radioulnar joint

Head of ulna + ulnar notch of the radius

  • Synovial pivot joint

  • Ventral and dorsal radioulnar ligaments (stabilizes radial head on distal side)


<p>Head of ulna + ulnar notch of the radius</p><ul><li><p>Synovial pivot joint</p></li><li><p>Ventral and dorsal radioulnar ligaments (stabilizes radial head on distal side) </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Synovial pivot joint function

Pronation + supination

  • Proximal and distal RU joints


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Elbow joint

made of 3 articulations in one joint capsule:

  • Humeroradial joint

  • Humeroulnar joint

  • Proximal radioulnar joint


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Humeroradial joint

  • head of radius and capitulum of humerus

  • Pivot joint

  • represents modified ball and socket joint


<ul><li><p>head of radius and capitulum of humerus</p></li><li><p>Pivot joint </p></li><li><p>represents modified ball and socket joint </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Proximal radioulnar joint

  • head of radius + radial notch of the ulna

  • already discussed as an articulation of radius and ulna


<ul><li><p>head of radius + radial notch of the ulna</p></li><li><p>already discussed as an articulation of radius and ulna </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Humeroulnar joint

  • trochlear notch of the ulna and trochlea of the humerus

  • synovial hinge joint


<ul><li><p>trochlear notch of the ulna and trochlea of the humerus </p></li><li><p>synovial hinge joint </p></li></ul><p></p>
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synovial hinge joint movements

  1. Flexion

  2. Extension


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Bones of the wrist and hand

  • phalanges

  • metacarpals

  • carpals


<ul><li><p>phalanges </p></li><li><p>metacarpals </p></li><li><p>carpals </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Phalanges

each phalange has a distal middle and proximal section

  • thumb only has distal and proximal

  • each finger numbered 1-5 starting with thumb


<p><span>each phalange has a distal middle and proximal section </span></p><ul><li><p><span>thumb only has distal and proximal </span></p></li></ul><ul><li><p>each finger numbered 1-5 starting with thumb </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Carpal bones

  1. Scaphoid

  2. Lunate

  3. Triquetrum

  4. Pisiform

  5. Hamate

  6. Capitate

  7. Trapezium

  8. Trapezoid


“Some lovers try positions that they cannot handle”

<ol><li><p>Scaphoid</p></li><li><p>Lunate</p></li><li><p>Triquetrum</p></li><li><p>Pisiform</p></li><li><p>Hamate</p></li><li><p>Capitate</p></li><li><p>Trapezium</p></li><li><p>Trapezoid</p></li></ol><p></p><p>“Some lovers try positions that they cannot handle”</p>
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remembering the carpal bones

Pisiform = looks like a little pea

Triquetrum = begins with tri (third one)

Trapezium + Trapezoid occur in alphabetical order: ium rhymes with thumb + zoid is right beside

hamate has a ‘hook’

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Most common carpal bone injury

  • scaphoid fracture

  • often done by FOOSH

  • notice proximity to distal radius


<ul><li><p>scaphoid fracture </p></li><li><p>often done by FOOSH </p></li><li><p>notice proximity to distal radius </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Joints of the hand

  • Interphalangeal joints I-V

  • Metacarpal (MCO) joints I-V

  • Carpo-metacarpal (CMC) joint I

  • Intercarpal and Midcarpal joints

  • Carpo-Metacarpal (CMC) joints II-V


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Interphalangeal joints I-V (Thumb to Pinky)

  • between phalanges

  • synovial, hinge joints


<ul><li><p>between phalanges </p></li><li><p>synovial, hinge joints </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Metacarpal (MCO) joints I-V (Thumb to pinky)

  • Between metacarpals and proximal phalanges

  • Synovial, condyloid structure (rotational movements & flexion/extension)


<ul><li><p>Between metacarpals and proximal phalanges</p></li><li><p>Synovial, condyloid structure (rotational movements &amp; flexion/extension)</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Carpo-metacarpal (CMC) joint I (thumb)

  • Between distal carpal (trapezium) and 1st metacarpal

  • Synovial, saddle joint

  • thumb has own joint since its the most mobile


<ul><li><p>Between distal carpal (trapezium) and 1<sup>st</sup> metacarpal</p></li><li><p>Synovial, saddle joint</p></li><li><p>thumb has own joint since its the most mobile </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Carpo-metacarpal (CMC) Joints II-V

  • Between distal carpal row and metacarpals

  • Reduced motion (except 1st CMC)

  • Condyloid/ellipsoidal, synovial joint

  • most common joint for arthritis


<ul><li><p>Between distal carpal row and metacarpals</p></li><li><p>Reduced motion (except 1<sup>st</sup> CMC)</p></li><li><p>Condyloid/ellipsoidal, synovial joint</p></li><li><p>most common joint for arthritis </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Intercarpal and Midcarpal joints

  • Between carpal bones

  • Gliding motion contributes to wrist movement (synovial, plane/gliding joints)


<ul><li><p>Between carpal bones</p></li><li><p>Gliding motion contributes to wrist movement (synovial, plane/gliding joints)</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Movements at the wrist joint

  • Flexion/ Extension

  • Radial/ Ulnar deviation

  • Supination/ Pronation


<ul><li><p>Flexion/ Extension </p></li><li><p>Radial/ Ulnar deviation </p></li><li><p>Supination/ Pronation </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Radial and ulnar deviation

  • Radial: moves wrist towards thumb side (Abduction)

  • Ulnar: moves wrist towards pinky side (adduction)


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Interphalangeal joint movements (PIP & DIP)

  • flexion

  • extension


<ul><li><p>flexion </p></li><li><p>extension </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joints

  • abduction

  • adduction

  • flexion/ extension


<ul><li><p>abduction </p></li><li><p>adduction </p></li><li><p>flexion/ extension </p></li></ul><p></p>
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1st Carpometacarpal (CMC) Joint (Thumb)

  • Flexion/ extension

  • abduction/ adduction

  • Opposition


<ul><li><p>Flexion/ extension </p></li><li><p>abduction/ adduction </p></li><li><p>Opposition </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Arches of the hand

these arches work together for balance and stability of hand

allows us the grasp and reach

  • important for: scissors, cutlery, handwriting

3 main arches

  1. 2x transverse arches

  2. Longitudinal arch


<p>these arches work together for balance and stability of hand </p><p>allows us the grasp and reach </p><ul><li><p>important for: scissors, cutlery, handwriting </p></li></ul><p><strong>3 main arches </strong></p><ol><li><p>2x transverse arches </p></li><li><p>Longitudinal arch</p></li></ol><p></p>