APUSH - Sem 1

Treaty of Tordesillas

A 1494 agreement between Spain and Portugal dividing new lands discovered by Columbus.

Lost Colony

the Roanoke Colony, which mysteriously disappeared in the late 16th century.

Patroonship/Headright system

Land grant system used in the colonies to encourage settlement and farming.

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in America established in 1607.

John Rolfe

Introduced tobacco cultivation to Virginia and married Pocahontas.

John Smith

An English soldier who played a crucial role in the survival of Jamestown.

James Oglethorpe

Founder of the Georgia colony, established to provide a fresh start for debtors and the poor.

House of Burgesses

The first representative assembly in the American colonies, established in Virginia.

General Court

An early form of government in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Act of Toleration

A 1649 Maryland law that provided religious freedom for Christians.

Joint-Stock Company

A business entity where different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders.

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan woman who was banished from Massachusetts for her beliefs.

Antinomianism

The belief that faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation.

Roger Williams

A dissenter who founded Rhode Island for its religious tolerance.

Bacon's Rebellion

A 1676 revolt against the colonial government in Virginia due to conflicts with Native Americans.

'Fundamental Orders'

A 1638 framework of government for Connecticut, considered by some as the first written constitution.

Quakers

Members of the Religious Society of Friends, known for their beliefs in equality and pacifism.

Pueblo Revolt

A 1680 uprising of Pueblo Indians against Spanish colonizers in present-day New Mexico.

William Bradford

Governor of Plymouth Colony, known for his role in the colony's early governance.

John Winthrop

First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, famous for his 'City upon a Hill' sermon.

Massachusetts Bay Co./Colony

Founded in 1628, it was one of the first settlements in New England.

Navigation Laws

A series of laws that restricted colonial trade to England and its colonies.

The New England Confederation

A short-lived alliance between some New England colonies for mutual defense.

The Dominion of New England

A combined colony created by King James II to improve colonial administration.

King Philip's War

A conflict in 1675 between New England colonists and Native Americans.

The Mayflower Compact

An agreement made by the Pilgrims to govern themselves while establishing Plymouth Colony.

Treaty of Paris (1763)

Ended the French and Indian War, granting Britain control of Canada and Florida.

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Formally ended the American Revolutionary War, recognizing US independence.

George Grenville

British Prime Minister known for implementing taxes on the American colonies.

British Colonial Taxes

Taxes imposed by Britain including the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts.

Common Sense

A pamphlet by Thomas Paine advocating for American independence.

Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania

A series of essays by John Dickinson opposing taxation without representation.

Wealth of Nations

An influential work by Adam Smith that outlined the principles of capitalism.

Attempts at Colonial Unity

Efforts such as the Albany Congress to unite colonies against British rule.

The Power of Images

Refers to the use of art and imagery, like Revere's engraving, to influence public opinion.

Battles of the American Revolution

Key confrontations significant for colonial morale and strategy.

Colonial People

Notable figures during the colonial period, such as Benjamin Franklin and Samuel Adams.

Colonial Population Growth

The increase in the number of colonists in America, leading to diverse societies.

Professions in the Colonies

Various occupations available in colonial society including agriculture and craftsmanship.

Mercantile Theory

An economic theory that emphasizes the importance of accumulating wealth through trade.

Triangular Trade

Trade route connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas, involving slaves and goods.

Salutary Neglect

British policy of minimal interference in colonial affairs until the mid-18th century.

The Great Awakening

A religious revival in the American colonies during the 1730s and 1740s.

The Proclamation of 1763

Royal decree restricting colonial expansion west of the Appalachian Mountains.

The Zenger Trial

A landmark case in 1735 affirming the freedom of the press.

Internal vs. External Taxes

Internal taxes are imposed on goods within the colonies; external taxes are on imports.

The Association

A compact formed during the American Revolution to enforce a boycott of British goods.

Writs of Assistance

Search warrants allowing British customs officers to search colonial homes for smuggled goods.

No Taxation w/o Representation

The rallying cry of American colonists protesting British taxation without parliamentary representation.

Boston Massacre

A deadly altercation between British soldiers and Boston colonists in 1770.

Boston Tea Party

A protest against British taxes when colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor in 1773.

French Aid in the Revolution

Support from France, both military and financial, during the American Revolutionary War.

Declaration of Rights & Grievances

A document issued by the Continental Congress outlining colonial objections to British policies.

Quartering Act

A law requiring colonists to provide housing and supplies for British troops.

Declaratory Act

Law asserting British authority to tax and legislate for the colonies after the Stamp Act was repealed.

The Gaspee

A British customs ship burn by American colonists, provoking outrage in Britain.

Committees of Correspondence

Groups organized to facilitate communication and coordinate responses among colonies.

Virtual Representation

Theory that Parliament represented all British subjects, even those in the colonies.

Suffolk Resolves

A declaration condemning the Intolerable Acts and calling for resistance.

Quebec Act

An act extending Quebec's boundaries and granting rights to Catholics, provoked colonial hostility.

Voting in the American Colonies

The process and policies surrounding who could vote in colonial elections.

The Circular Letter

A letter calling for unity against British policies among the colonies.

Olive Branch Petition

A final attempt by the colonies to avoid war with Britain, affirming loyalty to the crown.

Privateering

Issuing private ships permission to attack enemy vessels during wartime.

The Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution guaranteeing individual freedoms.

Slavery & the Northwest Territory

The legal status of slavery in newly acquired territories after the American Revolution.

Women’s roles before & after the Revolutionary War

Comparative analysis of women's roles and status in pre- and post-war America.

Articles of Confederation – Strengths & Weaknesses

The first governing document of the U.S. highlighting the limited power of the national government.

Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation

George Washington's statement of neutrality in foreign conflicts during his presidency.

Jefferson vs. Hamilton

A political conflict over issues such as the role of government and interpretation of the Constitution.

Loose vs. Strict Interpretation

Debate over how the Constitution should be interpreted regarding government powers.

Hamilton’s Economic Plan

A plan designed to stabilize the U.S. economy, including funding national debt and creating a Bank.

Constitutional Compromises

Agreements reached during the Constitutional Convention to balance interests of different states.

Republican Government

A form of government in which representatives are elected to make decisions on behalf of citizens.

Founders vs. Framers

A distinction between those who established the foundations of the U.S. and those who wrote the Constitution.

The Judiciary Act of 1789

Established the federal judiciary system and the Supreme Court's structure.

Shay’s/Whiskey Rebellion

Two significant uprisings challenging federal authority in the young nation.

Virginia/New Jersey Plans

Competing proposals for the structure of Congress during the Constitutional Convention.

The Land Ordinance of 1785

Law establishing a systematic process for surveying and selling western lands.

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Legislation that set the framework for governing the Northwest Territory and admitting new states.

The ‘Father of the Constitution’

James Madison, who played a crucial role in drafting and promoting the U.S. Constitution.

The Elastic Clause

Allows Congress to make laws necessary and proper for executing its powers.

The Electoral College

The body established by the Constitution to elect the president and vice president.

Washington’s Cabinet

A group of advisors to President George Washington including key figures like Hamilton and Jefferson.

John Jay

First Chief Justice of the United States and key negotiator of the Treaty of Paris.

The Franco-American Alliance

An alliance formed during the Revolutionary War providing support from France.

Neutrality Proclamation of 1793

A policy stating that the U.S. would remain neutral in conflicts between foreign nations.

Jay-Gardoqui, Pinckney Treaties

Agreements that addressed trade disputes and territorial challenges between the U.S. and Spain.

Jay’s Treaty

An agreement with Britain meant to settle unresolved issues from the Revolutionary War.

Impressment

The British practice of forcing American sailors into military service.

The Genet Affair

A diplomatic incident involving a French minister and U.S. neutrality.

Quock Walker, Slavery

A case that questioned the legality of slavery in Massachusetts.

Battle of Fallen Timbers

A decisive victory for the U.S. against Native Americans in 1794.

Treaty of Greenville

An agreement that ended the Northwest Indian War and established U.S. land rights in the region.

Why the Federalist Party died out

Various factors including internal divisions and the rise of Democratic-Republicans led to its decline.

Jefferson’s Administration – Domestic

Policies and actions taken during Thomas Jefferson's presidency focusing on limited government.

Napoleon, the Louisiana Territory & the U.S.

The acquisition of the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803 under Thomas Jefferson.

Jefferson, Madison, Monroe Administrations

The three presidencies that followed Washington, each with unique foreign and domestic challenges.

The Conflict with France & England

Tensions that arose during Jefferson's presidency, impacting trade and international relations.

The Florida Issue

Diplomatic disputes with Spain over territorial claims and the resolution through the Adams-Onis Treaty.