Anatomy Chapter 5 Vocab List #1: Friday October 2nd

Axial skeleton

the bones of the skull, vertebral column, thorax, and sternum

form the longitudinal axis of the body

Appendicular skeleton

bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the skeleton

Skeletal system

system of protection and support composed primarily of bone and cartilage

Compact bone

dense; looks smooth and homogeneous

Spongy bone

 small needle-like pieces of bone and lots of open space

Long bones

typically longer than they are wide

have a shaft with head at both ends

mostly compact bone

all the bones of the limbs, except the kneecap, wrist and ankle bones are long bones

Short bones

generally cube shaped and contain mostly spongy bone

Bones of the wrist and ankle

Sesamoid and patella

Flat bones

thin, flattened and usually curved

two thin layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone between them

bones of the skull, ribs and breastbone

Irregular bones

bones that do not fin one of the preceding categories

vertebrae that make up the spinal column and hip bones

NOT RIBS

Diaphysis

or shaft makes up most of the bones length and is composed of compact bone

Periosteum

protects the long bone; is a fibrous connective tissue membrane

Perforating

hundreds of connective tissue fibers, or called Sharpey’s fibers secure the periosteum to the underlying bone

Sharpey’s fibers

secure the periosteum to the underlying bone

Epiphyses

ends of the long bone

consists of a thin layer of compact bone enclosing an area filled with spongy bone

Articular cartilage

covers its external surface

glassy hyaline cartilage

provides a smooth, slippery surface that decreases friction at joint surfaces

Epiphyseal line

shows where the epiphyseal plate once was

Epiphyseal plate

seen in young, growing bone

cause the lengthwise growth of a long bone

the end of puberty causes the plates to be replaced by the bone, leaving only the line

Yellow marrow

in adults the cavity of the shaft that is primarily a storage area for fat tissue

also known as Medullary cavity

Medullary cavity

also known as yellow marrow

in adults the cavity of the shaft that is primarily a storage area for fat tissue

Red marrow

cavity of the shaft that is storage for fat tissue and an infant forms blood cells and red marrow is found there

an adult bones, red marrow is confined to cavities in the spongy bone of flat bones and the epiphyseal of some long bones

Bone markings

surfaces of bones are not smooth

tendons and ligaments were attached and where blood vessels and nerves passed

Osteocytes

a mature bone cell

Lacunae

tiny cavities within the matrix

Lamellae

the lacunae are arranged in concentric cuticles called lamellae

Central (haversian) canals

the lacunae are arranged in concentric cuticles called lamellae around central canals

Osteon

system on interconnecting canals in the microscopic structure of adult compact bone; unit of bone

Haversian System

system on interconnecting canals in the microscopic structure of adult compact bone; unit of bone

Canaliculi

tiny canals, Canaliculi, radiate outward from the central canals to all lacunae

Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals

right angles of the communication path

Ossification

process of bone formation, involves two major phases

Osteoblasts

bone-forming cells

Osteoclasts

large cells that resort or break down bone matrix

Bone remodeling

essential if bones are to retain normal proportions and strength during long-bone growth as body increases in size and weight

Rickets

A disease of children in which the bones fail to calcify

Fractures

The forces endured and touch football and professional hockey despite remarkable strength bones are suspectible, two fractures or brakes all through life during youth, most fractures result from exceptional trauma that twist or smashes the bones

Reduction

The realignment of the broken bone ends

Hematoma

blood vessels are deputized when the bone breaks, a blood-filled swelling hematoma occurs

Fibrocartilage callus

connective tissue cells, a various types for a mass of repair tissue that contains several elements

Bony callus

the fibrocartilage callus is gradually replaced by one made of spongy bone, the bony callus