CSD- Speech and Lang Development- Student generated questions 2026

What is joint reference?

when 2+ individuals share an experience/focus on one item and are aware of that joint interest. One example would be when a baby points to an airplane in the sky and the parent looks to where they were pointing and says “you see an airplane!”

T/F joint action is when two indviduals engage in a shared, familiar routine

True. An example would be the daily routine of driving to daycare or taking a bath, or social games like “peek a boo” or “I’m gonna get you”

What is the significance of turn-taking during early language development?

Turn-taking starts very early on, as simple vocal turns when an infant coos. It lays the foundation for conversational turn-taking and helps reinforce the infant’s vocalizations

Name the 5 components of language?

phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics

Is a prefix a free or a bound morpheme

bound

Language is a shared code and system for representing concepts and its properties are: (3 things)

social tool, rule governed, generative

What are the three learning theories and who created them?

Behavioral- Skinner , Cognitivist- Piaget , Social Constructivist- Vygotsky

The parents way of speaking to a child is _________________?

Child-directed speech

What approach was created by Chomsky and said children are born with innate rules/principles related to the structures of human languages?

Generative approach

When an infant is 5 months old, how do they mostly communicate?

Imitation of movements and vocalization

When do infants develop the vocal inventory to have a purposeful interaction?

Between 6-12 months, this skill keeps developing

What happens in the 2nd Intentional stage of communication?

Gestural intentions and the development of gestures to help the infant communicate their intentions, @ 8-9 months

What are the four steps of information processing?

attention, discrimination, organization and memory

How does information enter long term memory?

Rehearsal, repetition organization

What is the function that allocates and coordinates mental resources?

Executive function

What are the four goals of language research?

1. To confirm general linguistic principles

2. to discover principles of language development

3. to clarify the relationship of language to development in other areas such as cognition

4. To provide a more or less theoretical description of language development

What are the main differences between a behaviorist and cognitivist?

Behavioralists believe knowledge consists of behavioral responses or changes to environment while cognitivists believe knowledge is made using preexisting cognitive structures. Behavioralists believe learning is passive and that the learner subconsciously wants to assimilate to those around them and cognitivists believe it is active but the learning is motivated by an imbalance in their schema.

What is the zone of proximal development?

the range of tasks a child is in the process of learning. (it is easiest for a child to learn things that are closely related to what they already know

What is the difference between reduplicative babbling and variegated babbling?

Reduplicative babbling is repeating the same syllable, while variegated babbling is mixing different sounds

What are the four areas of general information processing that account for language growth?

Attention, memory, processing speed, and representational competence

Name the six main techniques that parents use for infant participation

Phasing, Adaptive, Facilitative, Elaborative, Initiating, Control

Infant directed speech is which of the following

a. Speech that is modified or adapted to support processing and comprehension

b. Sharing attention between objects

c. Providing support to help the child learn a new skill

d. Repeating a child’s statement in a corrected form

A. Speech that is modified or adapted to support processing and comprehension

True or false: siblings and peers are important in the socialization process within minority and lower SES homes

true

The role of the caregiver is what

a. Teaching children grammar rules in formal lessons

b. Preventing infants from making mistakes when speaking

c. Provide support, help to develop communication skills, and providing language models

d. Walking a kid through everything step-by-step systematically

. Provide support, help to develop communication skills, and providing language models

Speech

verbal/spoken output

language

AAC/ASL

communication

encoding/transmitting/decoding intended messages

paralinguistic codes

stress, speed, hestiation (speaking and listening)

metalinguisi=tic codes

abilitiy to analyze langauge (writing and reading)

nonlinguistic cides

gestures, body postures (signing)

What changes the meaning & form of a sentence? Ex: stress, pitch, intonation

Language components, Suprasegmental devices, Linguistic performance, Sociolinguistic devices

What is the definition of Speech?

Verbal/oral communication that uses the sounds of the language

encoding

coming up with the message

transmitting

sharing the info

decoding

translating what is said into what it means

True/false: Switching from one language to another is style shifting

False, it is code switchin

Fill in the blank: New words are developed _______

daily

What are the two main parts of the central nervous system?

brain and spinal cord

The peripheral nervous system consists of ___ cranial and __ spinal nerves that interact with the CNS

12

31

What is the Wernicke’s are responsible for? (pick one)

a. speech production

b. working memory

c. language comprehension

d. expressive

C. language comprehension

When does the sensitive period of language development occur?

16-18 months

What are the 4 steps of information processing?

attention, discrimination, organization, and memory

How does perception differ from sensation?

Perception uses sensory info and prior knowledge to make sense of incoming stimuli