58 - Respiratory Tract: Neoplasia & Miscellaneous Conditions

Where are nasal neoplasma reported in dogs?

Nasal passages

Sinuses

Where are nasal neoplasma reported in cats?

Tip of nose

Nasal passages

Where are nasal neoplasm reported in horses?

Maxillary sinus

Nasal passages

The majority of nasal neoplasma are benign/malignant

Malignant

What is the most common type of epithelial nasal tumor?

Carcinomas

What is the prognosis of nasal neoplasms?

Poor - invasive

Enzootic Nasal Tumors are common in which 2 species?

Sheep & goats

Enzootic Nasal Tumors arise from surface epithelium & glands of the ___________ _________

ethmoidal conchae

What causes enzootic nasal tumors in sheep?

Enzootic nasal tumor virus 1

(ENTV-1)

What causes enzootic nasal tumors in goats?

Enzootic nasal tumor virus 2 (ENTV-2)

T/F - Enzootic nasal tumors are highly metastatic

False - not metastatic but invasive

Most primary pulmonary neoplasms are benign/malignant

Malignant

What is the most common type of primary pulmonary neoplasm?

Pulmonary carcinoma

Pulmonary carcinomas typically arise from what 2 things?

Club cells

Type 2 pneumocytes

Primary pulmonary neoplasms are more common in younger/older dogs and cats

Older

What gross lesions are seen with primary pulmonary neoplasms?

White/grey, soft or firm nodular mass

Variable size

What causes small ruminant pulmonary adenocarcinomas?

Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus

small ruminant pulmonary adenocarcinomas is more common in neonate/adult sheep

Adult

What gross lesions are seen with small ruminant pulmonary adenocarcinomas?

Grey, firm nodules that become confluent overtime

T/F - All secondary lung neoplasms are malignant

True - bc it's metastatic

Primary/Secondary lung neoplasms are more common

Secondary

What gross lesions are seen with secondary neoplasms?

Multiple, variably sized masses throughout multiple lung lobes

What is an example of pleural neoplasia?

Mesothelioma

What is mesothelioma?

Rare neoplasm of thoracic, pericardial & peritoneal mesothelium

Mesothelioma is most common in which species?

Calves

Why is mesothelioma difficult to diagnose cytologically?

Look very similar to reactive meothelial cells

What gross lesions are seen with mesothelioma?

Multiple, discrete nodules or arborescent, proliferative growths on pleural surface

Thoracic effusion

What is choanal atresia?

Lack of communication between nasal cavity & pharynx

What is cheiloschisis?

Cleft upper lip

What is palatoschisis?

Cleft palate

What is a common sequelae to cleft palate?

Aspiration pneumonia

Nasal/paranasal sinus cysts are a common ________ lesion in which species?

Idiopathic; horses

What are nasal polyps/cysts?

Bening, non-neoplastic exophytic masses that resemble neoplasms

What are the 2 most common locations for nasal polyps/cysts in cats?

Nasopharynx

Ear canal

nasal polyps/cysts commonly form secondary to what?

Chronic rhinitis or sinusitis

What gross lesions are seen with nasal polyps?

Firm, pedunculated nodules of various sizes protruding from the nasal mucosa into the nasal passages or nasopharynx

What gross lesions are seen with nasal cysts?

Fluid filled structures lined by a layer of epithelial cells

Progressive ethmoid hematoma is seen in what signalment?

Older horses

What are progressive ethmoid hematomas characterized by?

Persistent/progressive, often UNILATERAL nasal bleeding

What gross lesions are seen with Progressive ethmoid hematoma?

Single, soft, tumor-like pedunculated, expansive, dark red mass within ethmoidal conchae

Laryngeal edema is a common feature of ______ ____________

Acute inflammation

Laryngeal edema occurs along with what disease in pigs?

Edema disease

Laryngeal edema occurs along with what disease in horses?

Purpura hemorrhagica

Laryngeal edema occurs along with what disease in cattle?

Acute interstitial pneumonia

Laryngeal edema occurs along with what disease in cats?

Systemic anaphylaxis

Laryngeal edema occurs along with what things in all species?

Trauma

Improper ETT

Inhalation of irritant gases

Local inflamation

What gross lesions are seen with Laryngeal edema?

Thickened & swollen mucosa

Gelatinous appearance

What is brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS)?

Clinical term referring to increased airflow resistance

What 4 things cause BOAS?

Tracheal hypoplasia

Stenotic nares

Long soft palate

Everted laryngeal saccules

What species has nasal amyloidosis?

Horses

What gross lesions are seen with nasal amyloidosis?

Large, firm nodules with a waxy texture

What is the most common respiratory nematode in dogs?

Oslerus osleri

What gross lesions are seen with Oslerus osleri?

Red nodules that protrude into the lumen at the tracheal bifurcation