Unit 3 AP World - Vocab

Anglican Church

the Protestant Church created by King Henry VIII in England

Catholic Reformation

the Catholic attempt to fix their own problems and combat Protestant Reformation

Council of Trent

(1545-1563) corrected some of the worst of the Catholic church’s abuses and focused on fixing corruption in the Catholic Church

Daimyo

A powerful noble in early modern Japan

Devshirme

in the Ottoman Empire, a system (literally, "collection") of training talented children to be administrators or members of the sultan's harem. originally meritocratic, by the seventeenth century it had degenerated into a hereditary caste

Divine Right

the idea pushing Absolutism which says that God chose a specific king to rule

Grand Vizier

the chief minister in the Ottoman Empire, under the Great Sultan

Gunpowder Empires

The Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal Empires which relied heavily on gunpowder and firearms

Gutenberg Printing Press

allowed books to be printed instead of hand written and increased literacy

Indulgences

piece of paper someone could buy to be forgiven of sins

Janissaries

an elite core of eight thousand troops personally loyal to the sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Jizya

tax levied by Islamic stats on certain non-Muslim subjects (dhimmis) who were permanently residing in Muslim lands under Islamic lawr

Louis XIV

French king who is considered to be the best example of Absolutism due to how much control he had over his kingdom

Manchuria

A region of northeast China and the home of the Manchus who ruled China from 1644-1912

Manchus

ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name

Martin Luther

German monk who began Protestant Reformation with his written work, 95 Theses

Mughal Empire

Muslim empire ruling India from the 16th to 18th centuries

Ninety-five Theses

the list of grievances written by Martin Luther, which began the Reformation

Ottoman Empire

Turkish empire in the Middle East and North Africa from 1453-1918

Protestant Reformation

Religious movement when people broke away from the Catholic Church

Qing Empire

Chinese dynasty lasting from 1644 to 1911

Safavid Empire

Muslim Empire in Persia from 1501-1722

Shah

the title a king takes in the Safavid Empire or the Mughal empire

Shariah

a strict Islamic legal system that deals with all aspects of life, such as criminal justice, marital laws, and inheritance

Shi’ite

one of the sects of Islam

Sikhism

developed from Hinduism and may have been influenced by the Islamic mysticism known as Sufism

Spanish Inquisition

organized in 1478 by Fernando and Isabel of Spain to hunt out heretical or contrary opinions from Protestants, Jews, and Muslims

Suleiman the Magnificent

tenth and longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Sultan

the title a king takes in the Ottoman Empire

Taj Mahal

located in Agra, India, this structure was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan, to house the tomb of his favorite wife

Tax Farmers

process in which the highest bidder was granted permission to collect the taxes and then pay a portion to the government

Thirty Years’ War

war between Catholics and Protestants in and around the Holy Roman Empire

Tokugawa Ieyasu

the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which effectively ruled Japan from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868

Versailles

the palace of French King Louis XIV

Zamindars

Indian tax collectors who were assigned land from which they kept part of the revenue