EV 302 revision

Brundtland definition of sustainable development

sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without jeopardizing or hurting the ability for future to meet needs

Sustainability diagram (three E’s but not really)

Environmental, Economic, Social

a solution that is beneficial to environment and socially, but not economically is…

bearable

a solution that is beneficial socially and to the economy, but not to the environment is…

equitable

a solution that is beneficial to the environment and economy, but not socially is…

viable

a solution is only sustainable if…

the solution is beneficial economically, socially, and environmentally

soft sustainability

environment can be replaced by tech or innovation

hard sustainability

no substitute for the environment; completly protectionist

SDGs vs MDGs

SDGs— 17 goals that build upon the MDGs, targeted and collaborated on by all countries, emphasis on climate action

MDGs— 8 goals focusing on the issues of developing countries; focusing on social and economic issues; climate an afterthought

2030 Agenda

set the SDGs in 2015

SDGs

Sustainable Development Goals; 17 goals set by the 2030 agenda. voluntary political commitment though in part enforced by some intl. treaties. Largest intl. framework

UNFCC 1992

establishes the objective to prevent climate change; creates institutions and reporting processes

Kyoto protocol 1997

set emissions targets for developed nations

Paris Agreement 2015

global climate action; praised for scope and importance, criticized for optional/self determined action

Sendai framework 2015

disaster risk reduction

biocentrism

rejects anthropocentricism—all things in nature have intrinsic value

deep ecology

society needs to radically change to live in harmony with nature

technocentrism

technology can be used to solve environmental problems

corporate social responsibility (CSR)

voluntary commitment by companies to do good and avoid harm. used for companies to boast. qualitative narrative based. “dove help cleans up oil spills”

environmental social governance (ESG)

structured, standardized framework for business impact and practices; data driven. a score used by consumers and investors to compare and judge.

mitigation vs adaptation

mitigation—minimalizing GHG emissions

adaptation—adjusting to cope with climate change

food security — Access

the obtainability of suitable food; affordability and equitability

food security — Availability

the supply of food; the sum of production, stocks, and imports

food security — Utilization

the quality/nourishment of foods/diets, as well as the body’s ability to absorb it (health)

UN Law of the Seas (UNCLOS) 1982

defines EEZ (200nm from coastline), high seas, and the area

what does NBS stand for

nature based solution

afforestation

making something a forest that has never been previously

two approaches to community based development (CBD)

top down— outside based (organisation or govt), fixed planning, external factors

bottom up— community built and development, listening to the community and addressing thier needs

3 levels of Arnstein’s ladder of community participation

non-participation, tokenism, citizen power

Arnstein’s ladder — non-participation rungs

manipulation, therapy, informing

Arnstein’s ladder — tokenism rungs

consultation, placation

Arnstein’s ladder — citizen power rungs

partnership, delegated power, citizen control

Arnstein’s ladder — elite capture

benefits going to elites

externalities

cost or benefit not accounted for in price eg. nearby beekeeper helping farm yields

carrot vs stick regulation

carrot — incentivize good behavior

stick — disincentivize bad behavior

regulation solutions (economy)

rules/laws

market based solutions (economy)

incentivize with money — what is cheaper to do

SDG interactions +1-3

+1 — enabling. A makes B possible

+2 — reinforcing. A makes B easier to do

+3 — indivisible. progress of A causes progress on B

SDG interactions -1-3

-1 — constraining. A causes less options to do B

-2— counteracting. A makes B harder to do

-3 — cancelling. A makes B impossible to do