WH9 Ch 20 Sec 1-2

who is the genoese sea captain who reaches americas?

christopher columbus

where does christopher columbus think he is?

east indies

where does he actually land?

an island probably in bahamas

in 1493, he sets out for where with what?

americas with a large fleet

how many ships are in the fleet?

17

what does spain aim to set up?

colonies

what are colonies?

lands controlled by a foreign nation

who named america?

Martin Waldseemuller

who did he name america after?

Amerigo Vespucci

who claims brazil for portugal?

Pedro Alvares Cabral

who identifies south america as new continent?

Amerigo Vespucci

who reaches the pacific ocean for spain?

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

who leaves to sail around the world?

Ferdinand Magellan

how does magellan die?

killed by indies

was the trip finished and who finished it? how many people were on the crew finished it and how long did it take?

no the trip was not finished and the crew finished it. 5 people; 3 years

in 1519, who lands in mexico?

hernando cortes

who is hernado cortes?

spanish adventurer

what does hernado cortes become known as?

conquistadors

what are conquistadors?

spanish conquerors

what wipe out large numbers of aztecs?

european diseases

what is the biggest reason for natives dying?

diseases

who is the spanish conqueror that leads force to peru?

Francisco Pizarro

what is mestizo?

mixed spanish and native population

what is a encomienda system?

spanish force native americans to work for them

what is the predominant cash crop grown?

sugar cane

who enlarges its navy?

spain

why does spain enlarge its navy?

to protect ships carrying treasure

who claims florida for spain

Juan Ponce de Leon

in 1540s, who explores southwest and finds little gold?

Francisco Coronado

in early 1600s, spanish establish capital of what?

santa fe

who protest mistreatment of native americans?

catholic priests

who abolished encomienda system?

spain

who takes the need for workers in mines and on farms?

enslaved africans

Who starts colonies in North America?

French, English, Dutch

Who founds Quebec?

Samuel de Champlain

What is New France?

French colony in North America

What does New France include?

Great Lakes and Mississippi River valley

New France is very large but has few what?

inhabitants

What is the main activity of the colony?

fur trade

Who does King James permit to start North American colony?

investors

What do colonist found in *1607*?

Jamestown

What is Jamestown?

English settlement in Virginia

Who are the pilgrims and where are they found?

a group persecuted for religion; Plymouth

What was the name of the Pilgrims ship?

mayflower

Who are the puritans and where do they settle?

group seeking religious freedom; Massachusetts

What do many families in Massachusetts ________which begins to grow.

colony

In 1609, who explores the waterways for the Dutch?

Henry Hudson

Dutch claim land and found what?

New Netherlands

Modern New Netherlands

Albany and New York City

Dutch focus of fur trade. Who do they welcome?

Settlers from other lands

Who also starts colonizing in the Caribbean?

European nations

What kind of plantations are worked by enslaved Africans?

cotton and sugar

In 1664, what do the English force the Dutch colonist to do?

surrender control

By 1750, about how many settlers are in the 13 colonies?

1.2 million

English settlers, pushing west collide with who?

French

What war is also apart of the Seven Years War and begins in 1754?

French and Indian War

In 1763, what makes France give up its American colonies?

they lose to Britain

Which is more deadly to the Native Americans, wars or diseases?

diseases

Who do colonist use to work in place of Native Americans?

enslaved Africans

Why did the enslaved Africans work?

It was the end of encomienda

In the Atlantic slave trade, what % did the colonist own?

1.4%

How much did each slave cost?

$35,000

How many slaves were there total?

9.5 million

What % of slaves came to North America?

4%