AOL 1 - Lipid Molecule names and cell structures

cholesterol

triglyceride

fatty acid (unsaturated)

phospholipid (one unsaturated fatty acid and 1 saturated fatty acid)

Integral membrane protein & transmembrane protein

peripheral membrane protein

integral membrane protein & transmembrane protein

peripheral membrane protein

integral membrane protein

Transmembrane protein

a membrane protein spanning entire phospholipid bilayer

Fluid Mosaic model (Fluid)

Lipid bilayer allowing lipid molecules and embedded proteins to move laterally

Fluid Mosaic model (Mosaic)

Lipid bilayer includes multiple varieties of molecules such as lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates

Organelle

Component dividing eukaryotic cells into smaller area for different functions

cytoplasm

all content of cell within cell membrane except nucleus

cytosol

Fluid surrounding organelles in cell membrane

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

ER membrane lacking ribosomes but creates lipids fatty acids phospholipids) and steroid hormones, and contains enzymes to detoxify harmful products (drugs/metabolic products)

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

ER membrane that synthesis transmembrane proteins, proteins for organelle interiors, and proteins for cellular secretions

Endoplasmic reticulum

Organelle with flattened sacs, interconnected tubules, and continuous interior lumen between outer membrane and nuclear envelope that produces proteins and lipids

Nucleus

Organelle enclosed by nuclear envelope, housing cell’s genome and is primary transcription site. It has pores to regulate protein, RNA, and molecule movement between nucleus and cytoplasm

Nuclear envelope

double membrane enclosing nucleus

Nucleolus

non-membrane organelle within nucleus where rRNA is concentrated and transcribed and ribosome subunits are made

Golgi apparatus

organelle with flattened membrane cisternae sacs surrounded by small transport vesicles disconnected from ER that receives lipids and proteins from Er and modifies them, then sorts and dispatches them

Lysosome

Membrane-bound vesicle from Golgi Apparatus that use hydrolytic enzymes degrade unneeded/damaged macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates) for intracellular digestion, recycling, and cell maintenance

Mitochondrion

Double membraned, highly folded membrane with circular genome that is primary site for aerobic cellular respiration, converting chemical energy from sugar to ATP

mitochondrion

rough ER

smooth er

Golgi apparatus

lysosome

Animal cell

Has a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and larger linear chromosomes

prokaryotes

Have 1 circular chromosome, no membrane membrane bound organelles, smaller, and no nucleus

Animal cell vs plant cell

former lacks a cell wall, chloroplasts for solar energy conversion to ATP, plasmodesmata to connect endomembrane systems, and vacuoles to contain water while latter does not have centrosomes, lysosomes, and gap junctions

Gap junctions

intracellular channels in animal cells that connect cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells for small molecule movement

ribosomes

translate mRNA and produce proteins

cytoskeleton

internal structure composed of protein filaments in cytoplasm made from micro/intermediate filaments, and microtubules or provide cell shape, anchor organelles, and support cell and vesicle movement.

peroxisome

membrane-bound organelle include enzymes for metabolic breakdown and synthesis (lipids/cholesterol, and phospholipids)

centrioles

located in centrosome and organizes microtubules for mitotic spindle during nuclear division

ribosomes

translates mRNA to make proteins

plasma membrane

phospholipid bilayer boundary (embedded proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) that separate interior and exterior environments. It is a selectively permeable molecule regulating molecule movements to maintain internal homeostasis

Red blood cell shape

Greater SA > V for greater oxygen transportation

muscle cells

has actin and myosin for contraction

plasma membrane

has long extensions for neural communication with other cells

phagocytes

type of white blood that eats foreign invaders and old RBCs

B cells

secretes antibodies

Phospholipids

hydrophilic/polar head and nonpolar/hydrophobic tails

What do unsaturated hydrocarbon tails do?

Increases fluidity by preventing tight packing, occurs due to double bond in phospholipids

Cholesterol

If in phospholipid membrane, acts as a stabilizer, reducing fluidity at high temperatures and increasing fluidity at low temperatures

Phospholipid fatty acid tail length

When fatty acids are longer, it takes more energy to break Van der Waals forces as their surface area is larger when connected to each other

DHA

component of algae membranes with multiple kinks to increase fluidity