HIstory unit test new

Nomad

native groups moved from place to place to follow food and resources

Crazy Horse

Lakota leader who fought against the US army to protect native land

Buffalo

A very important resource to natives for food, clothes, and shelter

Manifest Destiny

encouraged americans to move west and take over land that natives owned

railroads

brought more settlers into native land and increased conflict

westward expansion

Americans moved west, natives lost land and they fought to protect it

sitting bull

A native leader who resisted the US expansion and fought to protect the land

seventh calvary

A US army group that fought native americans and was involved in the wounded knee massacre

George custer

US army general who fought native americans and died at the battle of little bighorn

battle of wounded knee

1890 massacre where US soldiers killed a lot of Native people, was the end of the major indian wars

populism

movement that gave farmers and workers a voice against railroad companies and banks that took advantage of them

Mary elizabeth Lease

encouraged farmers to stand up against railroad companies and banks

Oliver hudson kelly

founded the grange and helped farmers fight for fair treatment

goldbugs

wanted money only backed by gold

bimetallism

supported backing money by gold and silver, farmers thought it would help the economy

silverites

wanted only silver to be backed by money because they believed it would help the farmers and people in debt

William Jennings Bryan

Supported bimetallism and represented the populist fight for economic fairness

Andrew carnegie

Became wealthy through steel industry and helped make the US an industrial power

John D. Rockefeller

controlled a lot of the oil industry and showed how powerful monopolies can become

JP Morgan

Combined and control large businesses showing the power of rich bankers

Monopoly

allowed one company to control an industry and limit competition

horizonal integration

allowed companies to grow by buying out their competitors and controlling more of an industry

vertical integration

Allowed companies to control every step of production, making them more powerful and profitable

charles darwin

theory of evolution inspired social darwinism which some wealthy people used to justify why the rich were powerful and the poor were not

sherman anti-trust act

was created to prevent monopolies and stop businesses from limiting competition

strike

workers used strikes to protest unfair pay, long hours, and unsafe working conditions

unions

allowed workers to come together and demand better wages, hours, and treatment

the noble order of knights of labor

a labor organization that fought for better working conditions and workers’ rights

capitalism

encourages private businesses and competition but also allowed wealthy business owners to gain enormous power

gilded age

time of great industrial growth and wealth, but also poverty, corruption, and unfair working conditions

city boss

powerful political leader who controlled local politics and exchanged favors for votes

Graft

showed how politicians used their power to make money dishonestly

kickback

involved secretly paying politicians or officials in exchange for special favors

patronange

politicians gave government jobs to supporters as a way to gain votes and loyalty

civil service

helped reduce corruption by giving gov jobs based on qualifications instead of policial connections

president garfield

his assassination showed the dangers of the patronage system and helped encourage civil service reform

President cleveland

supported civil service reform and worked to reduce corruption in government

tarrifs

protected american businesses from foreign competition but could make imported goods more expensive

charles guiteau

assassinated garfield after being denied a gov job, showing problems with political patronage