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undamped oscillator (standard case)
a0 = 0, b0 > 0; imaginary roots
undamped
a0 = 0, b0 < 0
overdamped
a02 > 4b0
underdamped
a02 < 4b0
critically damped
a02 = 4b0
(a0 − 1)2 > 4b0
real and unequal roots; standard solution
(a0 − 1)2 = 4b0
repeated root; second term has xlnx
a0 = 1; s1,2 = = ±i √b0
cosines and sines
(a0 − 1)2 < 4b0
complex roots, x^s times cosines and sines
β
½ [4b0 − (a0 − 1)2 ]1/2 .