7th Grade Essential Vocabulary

The following are flashcards to help you practice the 7th Grade essential vocabulary.

Ratio

A comparison of two quantities by division, often expressed as $a:b$, $\frac{a}{b}$, or '$a$ to $b$'.

Rate

A comparison of two quantities that have different units of measure, such as distance over time.

Unit rate

A comparison of two quantities where the second quantity is simplified to a single unit, having a denominator of $1$.

Proportional relationship

A connection between two variables where their quotient is constant ($\frac{y}{x} = k$), forming a straight line through the origin when graphed.

Percent

A fraction or ratio with a denominator of $100$, representing parts per hundred and denoted by \.

Markup

The amount added to the wholesale cost of an item to establish the final retail selling price.

Discount

The amount subtracted from the original cost of a good or service to provide a reduced price.

Tax

A mandatory government fee added to the purchase price of goods and services.

Tip

An optional additional amount paid to a worker in appreciation of a service provided, usually calculated as a percentage of the total bill.

Simple interest

A fee charged or money earned for borrowing or investing an initial amount over time, calculated using the formula $I = P \times r \times t$.

Percent error

A calculation showing how far an estimated value is from an accepted value, given by $\frac{|\text{experimental} - \text{actual}|}{\text{actual}} \times 100\%$.

Percent increase

A calculation showing how much a quantity has grown relative to its starting value, given by $\frac{\text{new value} - \text{original value}}{\text{original value}} \times 100\%$.

Percent decrease

A calculation showing how much a quantity has shrunk relative to its starting value, given by $\frac{\text{original value} - \text{new value}}{\text{original value}} \times 100\%$.

Integer

The set of positive and negative counting values together with zero, written as $\{\dots, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, \dots\}$.

Absolute value

The non-negative distance of a number from zero on a number line, represented by vertical bars such as $|x|$.

Rational number

Any value that can be written as the quotient of two integers $\frac{a}{b}$, where $b \neq 0$.

Natural counting numbers

The set of positive values used to enumerate objects, starting at one: $\{1, 2, 3, 4, \dots\}$.

Whole numbers

The set of non-negative values comprising all basic positive counting items along with zero: $\{0, 1, 2, 3, \dots\}$.