nursing research exam 2 (chp 8)

nonexperimental

researchers do not intervene or manipulate by controlling the independent variable

purpose of descriptive studies

observe, describe, and document aspects of a situation

descriptive correlational

describes whether variables are related, without ascribing a cause-and-effect connection

correlation

association between variables and can be detected through statistical analysis

cross-sectional design

data is collected at a single point in time

longitudinal design

data is collected two or more times over an extended period

quasi-experiments

involve an intervention but lack either randomization or a control group. the lack of randomization cannot assure that the groups are equal

prospective correlational design

a potential cause in the present is linked to a hypothesized later outcome

cohort study

a defined group of people (followed over time to examine associations between different interventions and subsequent outcomes

prospective cohort

recruits subjects before any intervention and follws them into the future

retrospective cohort

identifies subjects from past records describing the interventions a received and follows them from the time of those records (the past)

nonequivalent control group designs

those getting the intervention are compared with a nonrandomized comparison group

within-subjects designs

one group is studied before and after the intervention

what design is considered a quasi-experimental research design?

within-subjects design

experimental design intervention

the researcher does something to some subjects-introduces and intervention or treatment

control

the researcher introduces controls, including the use of a control and experimental groups

randomization

the experimenter assigns participants to a control or experimental condition on a random basis

t or f? an experimental research design involves a nonrandomized contolled trial

false

statistical conclusion validity

the ability to detect true relationships statistically

internal validity

the extent to which it can be inferred that the independent variable caused or influenced the dependent variable

external validity

the generalizability of the observed relationships across samples, settings, or time

construct validity

the degree to which key constructs are adequately captured in the study