Hip Fracture Care: Pathophysiology, Types, and Nursing Interventions Flashcards | Quizlet

What is the pathophysiology of a hip fracture?

Bones are living tissues that regenerate; osteoclasts break down old bone while osteoblasts build new bone. This process slows down with age, leading to decreased strength and bone mass.

What is the specific role of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?

Osteoclasts break down old bone.

What is the specific role of osteoblasts in bone remodeling?

Osteoblasts build new bone.

What are common causes of hip fractures?

Falls, osteoporosis, balance issues, medications affecting bones, poor nutrition, being underweight, lack of exercise, and certain medical conditions.

What are the clinical manifestations of a hip fracture?

Pain, reduced movement, edema, ecchymosis, tenderness, deformity, muscle spasms, crepitus, and subcutaneous emphysema (late finding).

What is the significance of subcutaneous emphysema in hip fractures?

It is a late finding indicating air bubbles under the skin, often associated with severe injury.

What two primary types of hip fractures exist based on anatomical location?

Intracapsular (within the joint capsule) and extracapsular (outside the joint capsule).

What is an intracapsular hip fracture?

A hip fracture located within the joint capsule.

What is an extracapsular hip fracture?

A hip fracture located outside the joint capsule.

What is a closed fracture?

A fracture where the bone breaks but there is no puncture or open wound in the skin.

What is an open fracture?

A fracture where the bone breaks and pierces through the skin.

What is a complete fracture?

A fracture that completely breaks the bone into two or more pieces.

What is a simple fracture?

A fracture that does not break the skin and is not complicated by other injuries.

What is a displaced fracture?

A fracture where the bone ends are not aligned and are separated.

What is a fatigue fracture?

A fracture caused by repetitive stress or overuse, often seen in athletes.

What is a compression fracture?

A fracture that occurs when the bone is crushed, often seen in vertebrae.

What is a pathological fracture?

A fracture that occurs in a bone weakened by disease, such as osteoporosis.

What initial nursing care should be provided for a hip fracture?

Stabilize the injury, assess for complications, and prepare for diagnostic testing.

What surgical options are available for hip fractures?

Repair with screws, plates, nails; partial replacement (Hemiarthroplasty); total hip replacement (Hip arthroplasty).

What is a hemiarthroplasty?

A partial replacement of the hip joint.

What is the purpose of traction prior to hip fracture surgery?

To stabilize the fracture and relieve pain before surgical intervention.

What medications are commonly given post-operatively for hip fractures?

Anti-inflammatories (e.g., Meloxicam, Ibuprofen), prophylactic antibiotics, anticoagulants, pain medications (opioids and/or acetaminophen), vitamin D, possibly iron, and laxatives.

What key elements should be assessed in a patient with a hip fracture?

Health history, risk factors, medications, lifestyle (nutrition/exercise), smoking history, and family history.

What are the nursing interventions for DVT prevention post hip fracture surgery?

Implement mobility aids, physical therapy, and monitor for signs of DVT.

What is the role of neurovascular assessment in fracture care?

To monitor for signs of complications such as increasing pain, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis, pulselessness, and pressure.