all. chap. 10

terms, disease & conditions, pathological & surgical terms

articulation

joint

hematopoiesis

production of blood cells in bone marrow

ligaments

connective tissue that surrounds the joint

tendon

connective tissue that binds muscle to bone

adduction

moves towards the midline

abduction

moves away from the midline

flexion

decreases angle of a joint

extension

increases angle of a joint

rotation

moves a bone around its own axis

pronation

turns the palm downward

supination

turns the palm upward

inversion

moves the sole of the foot inward

eversion

moves the sole of the foot outward

dorsiflexion

elevates the foot

plantar flexion

lowers the foot

points the toes

leiomy-

smooth muscle

muscul-

my-

muscle

rhabd-

rod-shaped

rhabdomy-

rod-shaped muscle

Brachi-

arm

carp-

carpus

wrist bone

cephal-

head

cervic-

neck

clavicul-

clavicle

cost-

ribs

crani-

cranium

dactyl-

fingers; toes

humer-

humerus

metacarp-

metacarpus

phalang-

flanges

radi-

radiation; radius (bone)

spondyl-

vertibr-

vertebrae

stern-

sternum

thorac-

chest

calcane-

calcaneum

heel

femor-

femur

fibul-

fibula

ili-

ilium

ischi-

ischium (lower hip bone)

lumb-

loins

lower back

metatars-

metatarsus

patell-

patella

pelv-

pelvis

pod-

foot

tibi-

tibia

diarthroses

a freely moveable joint

ankyl-

stiffness; bent

athr-

joint

chrondr-

cartilage

fasci-

fascia

fibr-

fiber; fibrous tissue

kyph-

humpback

lamin-

lamina

lord-

curve; swayback

myel-

bone marrow; spinal cord

orth-

straight

oste-

bone

ped-

foot

scoli-

crooked

synov-

synovial fluid

synovial membrane

ten-

tend-

tendin-

tendon

-asthenia

weakness

-clasia

-clast

to break

-desis

binding of a bone or joint

-malacia

softening

-porosis

porous

-sarcoma

malignant tumor of connective tissue

a-

without

dys-

bad; painful; difficult

syn-

union; together

ACL

anterior cruciate ligament

crucial ligament in the knee

bakers cyst

fluid-filled swelling at the back of the knee

bunion

deformity where the great toe is angled laterally towards the other toes

carpal tunnel syndrome

CTS

condition of compression of the median nerve within the wrist bones

claudication

lameness; limping

contracture

fibrosis of the soft and connective tissue that prevents normal mobility

crepitation

dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together

ganglion cyst

fluid filled tumor along the tendons or bones of the wrist

gout

joint inflammation caused by uric acid buildup

herniated disk

rupture of a vertebral disk’s center through its outer edge

hypotonia

loss of muscle tone or resistive ability

myasthenia gravia

chronic disorder of muscle weakness and droopiness

osteomyelitis

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow and the soft tissue that surrounds the bone

osteoporosis

porous bones, often caused by calcium deficiency

paget disease

chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thicker, softer bones

phantom limb

perceived sensation of an amputated limb

rickets

form of osteomalacia caused by vitamin D deficiency

scoliosis

lateral curvature of the spine to the right or left

kyphosis

hunchback

lordosis

inward curvature of the lower spine, AKA swayback

spinal stenosis

narrowing of spaces within the spine, causing nerves to become compressed or pinched

spondylolisthesis

any slipping of a vertebrae from its normal position

spondylosis

degeneration of the vertebrae and related tissues

sprain

overstretching or tearing of ligaments

strain

overstretching or tearing of muscle or tendon

subluxation

partial or incomplete dislocation of one or more vertebrae

talipes equinovarus

clubfoot; congenital condition

arthrography

imaging taken after injection of a contrast material into a joint cavity

dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan

DEXA

low energy X-ray that measures bone mineral density

discography

radiological examination of the vertebral disk structures with injection of a contrast material