Chapter 10: Intelligence

Intellectual disability

________ is a developmental condition that is apparent before age 18.

Carol Dweck

________ believed that intelligence is changeable fosters a growth mindset, a focus on learning and growing.

Vocabulary naming

________ pictured objects, or defining words " (What is a guitar ?)

J McVicker Hunt

________ began a training program for the Iranian caregivers, teaching them to play language- fostering games with 11 infant.

Psychologists

________ have explored our social intelligence- understanding social situations and managing ourselves successfully.

Heredity

________ contributes to individual differences in intelligence.

Steven Pinker

________ argued that biology affects gender differences in life priorities.

Steven Spencer

________ and his colleagues gave a difficult math test to equally capable men and women.

Lewis Terman

________ tried to use Binets testing on children in California.

David Wechsler

________ concluded that "the decline of mental ability with age is part of the general [aging] process of the organism as a whole ..

Analytical

________ (academic problem- solving) intelligence is assessed by intelligence tests, which present well- defined problems having a single right answer.

proportion of variation

Heritability: the ________ among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes.

growth mindset

A(n) ________ and disciplined effort enhance achievement Group Differences in Intelligence Test Scores Gender Similarities and Differences.

Terman

________ studied more than 1500 California schoolchildren with IQ scores over 135.

Standardization

________: defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group.

Stereotype threat

________ may impair attention, performance, and learning.

Flynn effect

The ________ means fewer Americans are now eligible for execution (in 2002 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the execution of people with an intellectual disability- defined as a test score of below 70- is "cruel and unusual punishment .)

Age related cognitive differences

________ help explain why older adults are less likely to embrace new technologies.

Educational policies

________ predict national differences in intelligence and knowledge tests.

Epigenetics

________ is one field that studies the nature and nurture process.

Stephen Ceci

________ and Wendy Williams reported that culturally influenced preferences help explain why American women, more than men, avoid math- intensive vocations.

Adoption

________ enhances the intelligence scores of mistreated or neglected children.

Edward Thorndike

________ proposed an idea saying,"the best mechanic in a factory may fail as a foreman for lack of social intelligence.

Motivation

________ can affect intelligence test performance.

William Stern

________ developed the IQ (intelligence quotient) test.

Cohort

________: a group of people sharing a common characteristic, such as from a given time period.

Intelligence

________ facilitates more education, better jobs, and a healthier environment.

valid statistical predictions

Tests are not biased in the scientific sense of failing to make ________ for different group.

Hunt

________ believed that education boosted childrens chances for success by developing their cognitive and social skills.

Race

________ is not a neatly defined biological category.

verbal reasoning

Children have differing gifts, whether at math, ________, art, or social leadership.

Fluid intelligence

________ is at its peak in late twenties or early thirties.

Validity

________: the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.

Longitudinal Study

________: research that follows and retests the same people over time.

Sternberg

________ proposed a triarchic theory, proposing 3 intelligences.

Intelligence test

________ are expected to have predictive validity.

Reliability

________: the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting.

Howard Gardner

________ identified 8 relatively independent intelligence, including the verbal and mathematical aptitudes assessed by standardized tests.

intelligence scores of virtual twins

The ________- "same- age, unrelated siblings adopted as infants and raised together.

Practical intelligence

________ is required for everyday tasks that may be poorly defined and may have multiple solutions.

Francis Galton

________: Presuming Hereditary Genius.

Normal Curve

________: the bell- shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes.

High reliability

________ does not ensure a tests validity.

Emotional Intelligence

________: the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.

Intelligence test scores

________ can mean life or death.

Intelligence Quotient

________ (IQ): defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ= ma /ca × 100)

Academic aptitude test scores

________ are reasonably good predictors of achievement for children ages 6 to 12.

road test

A(n) ________ for a drivers license has content validity because it samples the tasks a driver routinely faces.

Intellectual Disability

________: a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence test score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the depends of life.

Fluid intelligence

________ decreases beginning in the twenties and thirties, slowly up to age 75 or so, then more rapidly, especially after age 85.