meow

What is the structure of DNA in non-dividing cells?

Chromatin

What reaction forms a polynucleotide (DNA)?

Condensation reaction

What is the arrangement/structure of DNA?

Anti-parallel double stranded helix

How are chromosomes formed?

Chromatin is wound around histone proteins

How is DNA replication semi-conservative?

One of the original strands is retained and used as a template for the newly synthesised strand

What are the non-coding genes? (STING)

Satellite DNA, Telomeres, Introns, Non-coding RNA, Gene regulatory sequences

What is gene splicing?

The removal of non-coding introns by spliceosomes and the addition of a 5' cap and poly-A tail

What strand is used in transcription?

The antisense strand (template strand)

If the codon on DNA is ATC, what is the corresponding tRNA anticodon?

AUC

What is a polysome?

A cluster of ribosomes on an mRNA molecule

What is gene expression regulated by?

Methylation, acetylation, micro RNA

What is the chemical formula for an amino acid?

$$\text{NH}_2\text{ - CHR - COOH}$$

What is the secondary structure of a protein?

The alpha helices and beta pleated sheets formed by hydrogen bonding

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

The 3D folding with consideration to the functional groups

What is a catabolic reaction?

Breaking down molecules, exothermic

What is an anabolic reaction?

The building of molecules, endothermic

What is a competitive inhibitor?

A molecule that competes with the substrate to bind to the active site of an enzyme

What is a non-competitive inhibitor?

A molecule that binds to the allosteric site of an enzyme, denaturing the active site

What is end-product inhibition?

The final product of a reaction inhibits the first enzyme of a reaction. It is a negative feedback model

What does DNA ligase do?

Anneals nucleotide strands

What are the temperatures involved in PCR?

$95$, $40$, $72$

How many times is PCR repeated?

$$30$$

What does PCR stand for?

Polymerase Chain Reaction

What is CRISPR?

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats

What molecules are involved in CRISPR?

Guide RNA, Cas 9