DOUGHNUT ECONOMICS.PDF

What is the main argument of Kate Raworth’s Doughnut Economics?

That economics should aim to meet everyone’s needs within the planet’s ecological limits, not just pursue endless GDP growth.

Why does Raworth believe 20th-century economics is outdated?

Because it focuses on GDP growth, ignoring ecological collapse, inequality, and finite resources.

What is the new goal of economics according to Raworth?

To create a sustainable, just, and thriving society for all.

What does the “doughnut” represent in Doughnut Economics?

A safe and just space for humanity to thrive.

What does the inner ring of the doughnut represent?

The social foundation — basic human needs like food, health, education, and equality.

What does the outer ring represent?

The ecological ceiling — planetary boundaries we must not exceed, such as climate change and biodiversity loss.

What lies between the two rings of the doughnut?

The safe space where everyone’s needs are met without damaging the planet.

1. Change the Goal: From GDP Growth to Thriving

What should replace GDP growth as the goal of economics?

Human well-being, equality, and ecological balance.

2. See the Big Picture: Embed the Economy in Society and Nature

How does Raworth view the relationship between the economy, society, and nature?

The economy is embedded within society and the biosphere; it cannot exist independently of them.

3. Nurture Human Nature: From Rational Selfishness to Social Cooperation

What is the difference between “Homo economicus” and Raworth’s view of humans?

“Homo economicus” is selfish and rational; Raworth sees humans as cooperative, empathetic, and social beings.

4. Get Savvy with Systems: Think in Feedback Loops, Not Straight Lines

Why does Raworth emphasize systems thinking?

Because the world functions as a complex system with feedback loops and tipping points, not simple cause-effect relationships.

5. Design to Distribute: Build Economies that Share Value

What is “pre-distribution”?

Designing economic systems that share wealth and opportunity fairly from the start, rather than redistributing after inequality occurs.

6. Create to Regenerate: From Degenerative to Regenerative Design

What is a regenerative economy?

One that restores and renews natural systems through circular design, renewable energy, and zero waste.

7. Be Agnostic About Growth: Thrive Whether or Not Economies Grow

What does being “agnostic about growth” mean?

Building economies that can thrive without relying on endless expansion, focusing instead on sustainability and resilience.

What two ideas are inseparable in Doughnut Economics?

Ecological sustainability and social justice.

What systems must we rethink to achieve the doughnut vision?

Capitalism, finance, and corporate purpose.

What should governments, businesses, and citizens aim to create?

Regenerative and distributive systems that keep humanity within the doughnut.

How has the Doughnut Model influenced global initiatives?

It inspired frameworks like the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and policies in cities such as Amsterdam.

How are businesses and schools using the Doughnut Model?

As a guide for sustainable innovation and education.

How does Doughnut Economics redefine prosperity?

Prosperity means thriving people on a thriving planet.

What kind of economies does Raworth advocate for?

Economies that can survive and thrive without depending on perpetual growth, respecting both people and the plane