Unit 1 Part 2: Civil War and Recontruccion

Time period (1865-1877) when the United States rebuilt itself after the Civil War

Reconstruction

Republicans leader…

Abraham Lincoln (President)

Not strict; forgiving or tolerant.

lenient

Wanted to be more lenient with the South. Preserve the Union

Republicans Main Goals

Amnesty(forgive/pardon) to the South

10% of Southern men must take an oath swearing loyalty to the Union

Agree that slavery is illegal

Helps pass the 13th Amendment

Slavery is illegal in the United States!

Lincoln's 10% Plan/ Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan

Radical republicans leader…

Thaddeus Stevens (Congressman)

Punish the South because they rebelled

Give Freedmen rights

13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments

Radical Republicans Main Goal

Give Freedman full Civil Rights

50% of Southern men must take an oath swearing loyalty to the U.S.

Lincoln (Republican) vetoes (doesn't make it a law) this bill

What plan is this?

Plan for the South: Wade-Davis Bill (1864)

True or false

Republicans and radical republicans had different plans for reconstruction

True

Republicans and Radical Republicans at each other's throats (enfrentados) until…

In 1865 Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth.

Lincoln's Vice-President, Andrew Johnson, becomes president, but he is a Southern Democrat.

Southern Democrat leader…

President Andrew Johnson

Much like Lincoln, Johnson wants to be lenient with the South because he is from the South.

Like Lincoln's 10% Plan but more lenient

Pardons 13,000 Confederate leaders

Radical Republicans hate this!

South must follow the 13th Amendment

What plan is this?

Johnson's Plan for the South: The Amnesty Plan

The position of the radical republicans towards the southern Democrats.

Radical Republicans Hate Johnson and southern democrats.

Divided the ex-Confederate states into 5 military districts ( Controlled by Union generals)

Punishment of ex-Confederate leaders

Southern states MUST ratify the 14th Amendment to be brought back into the USA

Made laws to protect Freedmen

What Act is this?

Radical Republicans created the MILITARY RECONSTRUCTION ACT

The drama between congress and President Johnson

John is ANGRY! He tries to veto Congress, but Congress vetoes his vetoes

When Congress is not in session, Johnson tries to pass his own bill!

Johnson also tries to get rid of Lincoln's cabinet members (Lincoln's advisors)

He wanted his own people in the White House, NOT Lincoln's

What drama is it?

The drama between congress and President Johnson

The president cannot fire cabinet members that he didn't appoint

Goal: Keep Lincoln's cabinet Republican

But, Johnson fires Secretary of War Stanton!

Illegal! Goes against the new law

Congress impeaches Johnson! Senate finds him not guilty

What Act is this?

Congress passes the Tenure of Office Act (1867)

The Military Reconstruction Act is passed!

1868 - Ulysses S. Grant (Republican) becomes the president of the United States.

Ineffective president BUT tries to stop the KKK (a violent group that tried to stop African Americans from gaining rights and voting.)

The Radical Republicans get their way with Reconstruction.

This Act put the South under military control and divided it into five military districts.

Military Reconstruction Act

Both were part of the Republican Party

Both supported the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments (Africans Americans rights)

Both wanted the U.S. to recover from the Civil War (but they disagreed about how Reconstruction should happen and how much power the federal government should have)

Similarities between the Republicans and Radical Republicans

13th amendment…

Abolishment of slavery

14th amendment…

citizenship

15th amendment…

Give African Americans men the right to vote

Wanted the U.S. to recover from the Civil War (but they disagreed about how Reconstruction should happen and how much power the federal government should have)

All three groups were involved in the political struggles of Reconstruction

Similarities between Republicans, Radical Republicans and Southern Democrats

1. Who is in this cartoon?

2. What is happening in this cartoon?

3. What is this cartoon saying about this time in American history?

1. President Andrew Johnson and the Radical Republicans.

2. They are fighting over how Reconstruction should happen.

3. There was a lot of conflict between President Johnson and Congress during Reconstruction.

Who rebuilt the South during Reconstruction?

Southerners who supported Reconstruction and helped Radical Republicans

Disliked by other Southerners. Seen as traitors. Who are they?

Scallywags

Who rebuilt the South during Reconstruction?

Northerners who went south during Reconstruction

Southerners see them as people trying to profit from the destruction of the war

Most of them were people who went to help rebuild.

Who are they?

Carpetbaggers

1. Is this a positive or negative portrayal of Carpetbagger?

2. What do you see that makes you say that?

1. Negative

2. It shows the carpetbagger as hypocritical because he sees others’ faults but ignores his own.

The federal government passed Civil Rights laws and the Reconstruction Amendments to protect freedmen.

13 (outlaws slavery)

14 (All persons born or naturalized in the United States are CITIZENS of the United States. All citizens have equal protection under the law)

15 (Gave Freedmen the right to vote)

What does this show?

Shows how the Freedmen were protected during Reconstruction

Leader: O.O Howard

Created to help poor white farmers and Freedmen

Made school to help teach Freedmen how to read. Why? Before the Civil War, it was illegal to teach enslaved people how to read.

Which government agency is this?

Freedmen's Bureau

According to this cartoon, why would Southern Democrats want to stop Freedmen from voting?

they feared Black voters would support Republicans and reduce Southern Democrats’ political power.

Rise of the Ku Klux Klan

White terrorist organization

Goal: intimidate and kill Black Americans to stop them from exercising their rights

Lynched Freedmen, disliked scallywags, and carpetbaggers.

How Does the South Respond to Freedman's Protection and Success

Tried to control the movement and other freedoms of Freedmen

Examples:

Couldn't own land.

Can't marry white people.

If they were over 18 years old and didn't have a job or were unlawfully assembling/in a big group, they would be fined or thrown in jail (Mississippi)

A Black person couldn't be elected to office (Florida)

Black Codes 1860s-1870s

The political cartoon was drawn in response to the U.S. military leaving the South and ending Reconstruction.

1. What is happening in this cartoon?

2. What is this cartoon saying about the military leaving the South?

1. The U.S. Marshal is protecting the Black man from the threatening Southerner.

2. Black people would lose protection and face more violence if troops left the South.

Why did the reconstruction end?

Reconstruction ended in 1877 because federal troops left the South, allowing Southern Democrats to regain control.

Election of 1876

Disputed Election (the election was disputed because there was disagreement over which electoral votes were valid)

Led to the Compromise of 1877 (democrats gave Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) the presidency as long as he took troops out of the South and Ends military support for freedmen)

This ends Reconstruction

The reason why Reconstruction ended

What Happened When Reconstruction Ended?

Racism in the country was more open and pronounced after Reconstruction

Race relations at the lowest point.

Race Nadir (el punto más bajo de las relaciones raciales)

What Happened When Reconstruction Ended?

Passed after Reconstruction

Laws that enforced racial segregation (keeping races separate) Ex: Plessy vs. Ferguson

Supreme Court said separate but equal is legal

What kind of laws are these?

Jim Crow Laws 1880s-1960s

Upheld segregation laws and established “separate but equal,” allowing Black and white people to use separate public facilities.

Which Supreme Court case is this?

Plessy v. Ferguson

A punishment for breaking a law.

Penalty

Breaking or disobeying a law.

Violating

Asked a higher court to review a decision.

Appealed

An earlier decision used as an example for future cases.

Precedent

Limited or taken away.

Abridged

required trains to have separate sections for Black and white passengers, under the equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races. The penalty for sitting in the wrong compartment was $25 or 20 days in jail.

Which Act is this?

Separate Car Act

Why was Plessy arrested?

He sat in a train car designated for white passengers, violating the Separate Car Act.

1. What did Plessy argue to the Supreme Court?

2. What did the Supreme Court rule?

1. He argued that the Separate Car Act violated his 14th Amendment rights.

2. The Supreme Court upheld Plessy’s conviction and allowed “separate but equal.”

What Happened When Reconstruction Ended?Landlord/plantation owner allows a person to use the land in exchange for a share of the crop.

Freedmen and poor white farmers would have to rent the land, the tools to farm, and have high interest rates.

Cycle of poverty with no escape

What is called “slavery by another name”?

Share Cropping

What Happened When Reconstruction Ended?

Worker borrows money from their boss, boss makes them work off the debt.

Black men thrown in jail for minor "crimes" and a local employer would pay off their fines and force the men to work off the fine.

Many workers became indebted/ could not escape the cycle

What system is this?

Debt Peonage

Which constitutional development most directly enabled the election of African American legislators?

Ratification of the 15th amendment