CNA Course Chapters 11,12,18 Vocab

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards covering skin conditions, personal hygiene and grooming, oral health, body positioning, transfers, and ambulation.

Scabies

A contagious skin infection caused by mites burrowing into the skin, producing irritation, rashes, intense itching, and sores.

Shearing

Rubbing or friction caused when the skin moves in one direction while the underlying bone remains fixed or moves in the opposite direction.

Shingles

A viral infection caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox; it produces pain and a rash.

Sitz bath

A warm soak of the perineal area used to clean wounds and reduce inflammation and pain.

Skin cancer

The growth of abnormal skin cells.

Tinea corporis

A fungal infection that causes red, scaly patches, often in a ring shape, usually on the upper body, hands, or feet.

Wart

A contagious, hard bump caused by a virus.

Lesion

An area of abnormal tissue, injury, or wound.

Melanin

The pigment that gives skin its color.

Melanocyte

A skin cell that produces and contains the pigment melanin.

Necrosis

The death of living cells or tissues caused by disease or injury.

Open wound

A wound in which the skin's surface is not intact.

Pressure injuries

Localized damage to the skin and possibly underlying tissue caused by prolonged pressure, shearing, or both; also called pressure sores, ulcers, or bedsores.

Pressure points

Areas of the body that support the greatest amount of weight.

Psoriasis

A chronic skin condition caused by skin cells growing too quickly that results in red, white, or silver patches, itching, and discomfort.

Body prominences

Areas of the body where bones lie close to the skin.

Bruise

A purple, black, or blue discoloration caused by blood leaking from broken blood vessels into nearby tissue; also called a contusion.

Cellulitis

A skin infection caused by bacteria entering the tissues through a break in the skin.

Closed wound

A wound in which the skin remains intact.

Dermatitis

Inflammation of the skin.

Dermis

The inner layer of the two main layers of skin.

Epidermis

The outer layer of the two main layers of skin.

Gangrene

Death of body tissue caused by infection or a lack of blood flow.

Integument

A natural protective covering.

Additive

A substance added to another substance, changing its effect.

Axillae

The underarm or armpit area.

Bridge

A type of dental appliance that replaces missing or pulled teeth.

Dandruff

Excessive shedding of dead cells from the scalp.

Dentures

Artificial teeth.

Edema

Swelling in body tissues caused by excess fluid.

Edentulous

Lacking teeth; toothless.

Gingivitis

Inflammation of the gums.

Grooming

Practices to care for oneself, such as caring for fingernails and hair.

Halitosis

Bad breath.

Hygiene

Practices to keep the body clean.

Partial bath

A bath that includes washing the face, underarms, hands, and perineal area.

Pediculosis

An infestation of lice.

Periodontitis

Gum disease.

Plaque

A substance that accumulates on the teeth from food and bacteria.

Tartar

Hard deposits on the teeth that are filled with bacteria; they may cause gum disease and loose teeth if not removed.

Prone

A body position in which a person is lying on their stomach, or front side.

Sims'

A body position in which a person is lying on their left side with the upper knee flexed and raised toward the chest.

Supine

A body position in which a person is lying flat on their back.

Transfer belt

A belt made of canvas or another material that helps support a person during transfers.

Ambulation

The act of moving or walking, with or without an assistive device.

Dangle

To sit up with the legs hanging over the side of the bed to regain balance.

Ergonomics

The science of designing equipment, areas, and tasks to make them safer and easier to use.

Fowler's

A semi-sitting body position in which the person's head and shoulders are elevated $45^\circ$ to $60^\circ$.

Lateral

A body position in which a person is lying on either side.

Logrolling

Moving a person as one unit without disturbing the alignment of the body.

Mechanical lift

Special equipment used to lift and move or weigh a person; it is also called a hydraulic lift.

Positioning

The act of helping people into positions that promote comfort and health.

Posture

The way a person holds and positions their body.