bones and muscles PNB Lab practical

skull

suture joints between cranial bones

cranium

upper part of skull that consists of that encases the brain

frontal (1)

occipital (1)

occipital condyles

parietal (2)

the bones located on either side of the head, forming part of the cranium.

temporal(2)

mastoid process, mandibular fossa, zygomatic process, external auditory medius

sphenoid(1)

greater and lesser wings

ethmoid (1)

cribriform plate, cristia galli

maxillae

upper jaw bone

zygomatic

lacrimal (2)

small bone forming part of the eye socket

nasal(2)

bridge of nose

mandible (1)

lower jaw bone, only moveable part of the skull

palatine (2)

fused bones that form posterior part of the hard palate

coronal

joins frontal and parietal bones

sagittal

joins parietal bones

lambdoid

joins parietal bones with occipital bones

squamous (2)

joins temporal bones with parietal bones

ear ossicles

malleus, incus, stapes

hyoid bone

does not articulate with any other bone

foramen magnum

big hole that allows the spinal cord to connect to the brain

jugular foramen

between temporal and occipital bones, entry of cranial nerves glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory

carotid canal

anterior and medial to the jugular foramen, entry of internal carotid artery

superior orbital fissure

between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bones, oculomotor, trochlear, abducens

cervical vertebrae (7)

c1-c7 support head and movement

atlas (c1)

doesn’t have a body

axis (c2)

has dense that modify the body

thoracic vertebrae (12)

supports the rib cage and facilitates breathing, allowing for rotation of the upper body.

lumbar vertebrae (5)

provide support for lower back while allowing flexion and extension

sacrum

5 fused bones

coccyx

3-5 fused bones

sternum

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

ribs (24)

1-7 true. 8-10 false, 11 and 12 floating

rectus abdominus

flexes lumbar portion of vertebral column

external oblique

Most superficial lateral abdominal muscle. Fibers run down and medial (hands in pocket direction)

internal oblique

unilateral: lateral flexion and rotation of vertebral column on same side
bilateral: flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall

transverse abdominus

deepest of the 3 lateral abdominal wall muscles, lying under the internal oblique. Fibers run horizontally, support lumbar spine

gluteus maximus

adducts, extension, and lateral rotation of hit (femur)

gluteus medius

abducts and medially rotates hip (femur), stabilize pelvis

gluteus minimums

abduction and medial rotation of hip

semimembranosus

extends hip (femur), flexes knee

psoas major (deep)

flex hip (femur)

sartorius

flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates hip, flexes knee

gracilis

adducts hip and flexes knee

rectus femoris

flexes hip, extends kneee

vastus medialis, lateralis, intermedius

extend knee

semitendinosus

extends hip (femur), flexes knee

bicep femoris

extends and laterally rotates hip (femur), flexes knee

tibialis anterior

dorsiflexion and inversion of ankle

gastrocnemius

plantarflexion of ankle and flexion of knee

soleus

plantar flexes ankle, stabilizes leg when standing

4 muscles of rotator cuff

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

supraspinatus

abduction/elevates shoulder

infraspinatus

externally rotates shoulder

teres minor

externally/adduction of shoulder

subscapularis

internally/medially rotate shoulder

deltoid

flexion, abduction, rotation

triceps

extension

pectoralis major

flexion, medial rotation, adduction

biceps brachii

flexion and supination