lecture 10 notes

did:9/28, lecture date:9/22

Why is Mo exception of d element?

e- go 5s → 4d b/c half filled d very stable

Why do 6s electrons have low energy?

strong nucleur attraction pulls them close

Why do Row 6 elements mainly react using only 6p electrons?

6s electrons resist so only 6p can react

What does chemical formula of molecular substance indicate?

composition of molecule

What do chemical formulas indicate for covalent substances and ionic compounds?

ratio

Electron density in covalent vs ionic bonding?

covalent= shared

ionic= localized

What is the difference between an empirical formula and a molecular formula?

empiracal= ratio of atoms

molecular= composition of molecule

T or F: forming a gas-phase ion pair from neutral gas atoms is favorable.

False; NEVER favorable

What does lattice energy do?

releases energy to form ionic solids

How do you name hydrates?

[Regular Ionic Name] + [Number Prefix]hydrate

What are the two common cations for Iron (Fe)?

2+, 3+

What are the two common cations for Copper (Cu)

+, 2+

What charges do Lead (Pb) and Tin (Sn) form?

2+, 4+

What charges do Cobalt (Co) and Chromium (Cr) form?

2+,3+

What is formula for Acetate?

C₂H₃O₂⁻

What is formula for Carbonate?

CO₃²⁻

What is formula for Bicarbonate?

HCO₃⁻

What is formula for Hydroxide?

OH⁻

What is formula for Phosphate?

PO₄³⁻

What is formula for Ammonium?

NH₄⁺

What is formula for Sulfate?

SO₄²⁻

What is formula for Nitrate?

NO₃⁻

What is formula for Chlorate?

ClO₃⁻

What is formula for Chromate?

CrO₄²⁻

What is formula for Dichromate?

Cr₂O₇²⁻

What does per- mean?

1 extra oxygen

What is formula for Cyanide?

CN⁻

What is formula for Peroxide?

O₂²⁻

Which metals never use Roman numerals?

Al Ag Zn Cd

Are All Zebras Cute?

What are the two common cations for Mercury?

Hg₂²⁺, Hg²⁺

What does hypo- mean?

1 less oxygen

What does bi- mean?

add ONE hydrogen